Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ortho > Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

what humerus injury in more often seen in the elderly due to falls or trauma

A

proximal humerus

most are 1 part fractures - no displacement or angulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how would you treat a proximal humerus fracture

A

sling or immobilizer

surgical if severe comminution or displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

who is a distal fracture of humerus most common in

A

3-11 y/o (supracondylar)

and 50 y/o (commuinuted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when would you most likely see a posterior fat pad and when an anterior fat pad

A

Posterior = children with distal humerus fracture (supracondylar)

Anterior = 50 y/o (commuinuted) – sail sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tx for distal humerus fracture

A

splint; surgery is displacement

NSAIDs, pain management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what may be damaged with a proximal humerus fracture

A

brachial plexus

axillary nerve

axillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does a humerus shaft fracture usually occur and what can be injured

A

mid 1/3

radial, ulnar, and median nerve injury

Based on age and displacement determines conservative vs surgical tx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

with someone with olecranon bursitis what test would you do?

A

gram stain, c&S, crystal analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment for olecranon bursitis

A

RICE

NSAIDs

Steroid injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in medial epicondylitis (golfers elbow) what is inflamed and what movements will be painful

A

flexor-pronator

pain worse with twisting or palmar flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) what is inflamed and what movements are painful

A

inflammation of extensor-supinator

Pain worse with wrist dorsiflexion or twisting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tx for lateral/medial epicondylitis

A

splint wrist/compressive banding of elbow

NSAIDs/PT/steroid injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a nursemaids elbow?

MOI?

A

Radial head subluxation

MOI: pulling motion on hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the presentation of a nurse maids elbow

A

2-5 y/o

elbow slightly flexed

will not move arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treatment for nursemaids elbow

A

reduction

  • hold elbow with one hand, supinate and flex
  • or pronate and extend
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what can cause carpal tunnel syndrome and what makes it worsen

A
  1. over us
  2. chronic disease - DM, hypothyroid, SLE, RA, PG

worsened by sustained wrist flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PE for carpel tunnel:

pt shakes hand vigorously to relieve pain

A

Flick sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PE for carpel tunnel:

sustained wrist flexion

A

phalen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PE for carpel tunnel:

tapping on median nerve produces symptoms

A

Tinels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

symptoms of carpal tunnel

A

burning
tingling
weakness
pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment for carpal tunnel

A
  • avoid repetitious activities of hand/wrist
  • wrist splint
  • NSAIDs
  • Steroid injection
  • surgical release if no response to conservative management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

localized pain overlying the radial styloid - may radiate to hand/thumb

worsened pain with extension/abduction (of thumb)

A

DeQuervains Tenosynovitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PE: Finkelstein test for Dequervains Tenosynovitis

A

pt places thumb into palm of hand, places fingers over thumb. Ulnar deviation of hand will cause a positive test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tx of DeQuervains Tenosynovitis

A

Rest, ice, NSAIDs

PT

steroid injections

surgery if conservative management fails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Swelling of the hand/wrist that will vary in size made up of synovial fluid collection
ganglion cyst
26
tx for ganglion cyst
aspiratate (recurrence likely surgical excision
27
name for physeal fractures in KIDS
salter harris
28
type 1 classification of salter harris
straight across physeal plate
29
type 2 salter-harris
across and above physeal plate
30
type 3 salter-harris
across and below physeal plate
31
type 4 salter-harris
through physeal plate (above and below)
32
type V salter-harris
erasure/crush of growth plate
33
how would you splint a elbow/forearm fracture
long arm posterior double sugar tong
34
how would you splint a forearm/wrist fracture
volar/cockup sugar tong
35
how would you splint a hand/finger fracture
ulnar gutter radial gutter thumb spica finger splints
36
extension fracture of distal radius (may include ulna) dinner fork deformity
Colles
37
what nerves need to be checks with a colles fracture
median and ulnar nerve
38
tx for colles fracture
reduction - finger traps splint when done
39
flexion fracture of distal radius (maybe ulna) volar angulation
Smiths fracture (reverse of colles)
40
Tx of Smiths fracture
all ortho reduction - sedate and hemotoma block splint - sugar tong; splint joint above and below
41
intraacticular fracture of the distal radius with subluxation and disposed fragments of radius
Bartons
42
radial styloid fx
Hutchinsons
43
proximal ulna fx with dislocation of radial head
Monteggia
44
fx at radioulnar joint space
Galezzi
45
if someone has a scaphoid fx where would there be tenderness what are they at risk for
snuff box avascular necrosis
46
Tx of scaphoid fracture
call ortho prolonged immobilization; spica splint
47
what is gamekeeps thumb/skiers thumb what would you expect at PE
disruption of the ulnar collateral ligament laxity of the MCP joint, weak thumb opposition
48
why would you do an x ray of gamekeepers thumb/skiers thumb?
rule out avulsion fx
49
tx for gamekeepers thumb/skiers thumb?
thumb spica splint; maybe surgery
50
if someone punching something with a closed fist (boxers fx) what would you expect to be fx how would it present
5th metacarpal loss of 5th knuckle when making a fist
51
what is disrupted with a PIP joint dislocation
2/3 of structures disrupted | - collateral ligaments x2; volar plate
52
what is the most common PIP joint dislocation
middle phalanx displaced dorsal to proximal
53
tx of PIP joint dislocation
- digital block: 1/2 marcaine and 1/2 lidocaine in syringe - traction (pull) - may need to hyperextend to reduce (if can't reduce may have volar plate entrapment) - splint - short posterior/or finger splint
54
what would you expect to cause a PIP sprain? what may also tear? what test would you order and why?
1. jammed finger 2. collateral ligament 3. X-ray to r/o avulsion fx; assess ligament stability while in full extension
55
tx of PIP sprain
dynamic splint (buddy tape)
56
injury to extensor tendon-cannot extend finger
Mallet finger - partial v complete tear - sometimes avulsion fracture
57
tx of mallet finger
Xrays immobilize with DIP at 0 extension 6-8 weeks ortho f/u, consider surgery PT
58
difficulty extending the digit (usually 3rd and 4th) - thickening of flexor mechanism
trigger finger
59
what causes trigger finger and who is it more commonly seen in
repetitive gripping actions more common in women and diabetics *X rays are not helpful
60
what causes a subungual hematoma/tuft fx
trauma to finger/nail bed (e.g. shutting in car door) Xrays to help determine between tuft fx or hematoma
61
Tx for subungual hematoma and tuft fx
Digital block - pain control - if over 1/3 discoloration remove nail (prob nailbed fx or laceration) - anchor nail back on as splint to the wound - need to keep nail matrix open - splint, abx Hematoma only: remove pressure of blod via cautery or needle
62
finger tip avulsion tx
bone showing - call ortho if not: digital block for pain control, stop bleeding
63
tx for cat bite
OR for clean out Augmentin (P. multocida) Tetnus check rabies
64
tx for dog bite
Tetanus Augmentin DO NOT CLOSE SMALL WOUNDS - IF CLOSURE NEEDED CLOSE LOOSELY (don't want to suture infection into hand)

Ortho (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions