Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Hip Anatomy, Lumbosacral Plexus > Flashcards

Hip Anatomy, Lumbosacral Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the 3 articulations of the hip bones

A

Sacroiliac joint: Articulates with sacrum
Pubic symphysis: Articulation between L and R hip bones
Hip joint: Articulation with head of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. What are the 3 parts of the hip bone
  2. What are these separated by, when does this disappear
  3. Together, what do these 3 form
A
  1. Ilium, Ischium and Pubis
  2. Triradiate cartilage (Fusion begins at 15-17, is complete by 20-25)
  3. Acetabulum (A cup shaped socket)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Pubis and Ischium

What parts combine? What is this called

A

Body
Superior Ramus
Inferior Ramus

Inferior Pubic Ramus+ Inferior Ischial Ramus= Ischiopubic ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the 2 ligaments that connect sacrum to ischium and the foramina they produce

What is the function of these 2 ligaments

A

Sacrospinous- Sacrum to Ischial spine-> Greater Sciatic Foramen

Sacrotuberous- Sacrum to Ischial tuberosity-> Lesser Sciatic Foramen

Limit rotation of inferior part of sacrum during transmission of weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 Extra-capsular ligaments of the hip joint?

What are their Origins and Insertions, What are their functions

What’s the weakest and strongest

A

Iliofemoral: Origin- Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine, Insertion- Intertrochanteric line. Prevents Hyperextension

Ischiofemoral: Origin- Posterior Ischium, Insertion- Intertrochanteric line. Prevents excessive medial rotation

Pubofemoral: Orgin- Superior Pubic Ramus, Insertion- Intertrochanteric line. Prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint

Weakest- Ischiofemoral
Strongest- Iliofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Identify 6 factors that increase joint stability

A
  1. Cup-shaped acetabulum
  2. Acetabular labrum (Deepens the acetabulum)
  3. The capsule
  4. Ligamentum teres
  5. 3 Extracapsular ligaments
  6. Muscles surrounding the hip joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does knee Flexion affect Range of Flexion

A

Knee Flexion-> Hamstring relaxation-> Increased hip Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At the base of the femoral neck, is an Extracapsular Arterial Ring. What 2 things is this formed from

A

Large branch of Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery

Smaller branches of Lateral Femoral Circumflex “”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What nerves compose the Lumbar part of the Lumbosacral plexus

Name the Main Lumbar Plexus Nerves and their nerve roots of origin

A

Anterior rami of L1-L4 nerves, with contributions from T12

I Get Leftovers On Fridays

Iliolingual- L1
Genitofemoral- L1, L2
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous- L2, L3
Obturator- L2, L3, L4 
Femoral- L2, L3, L4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Nerve root of origin of the Iliolingual nerve

What does it innervate

A
  • Root L1

- Skin of genitalia and Upper Medial Thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the nerve root of origin of the Genitofemoral nerve
What does it divide into
What does the non-reproductive branch innervate

A
  • L1 and L2
  • Divides into Genital and Femoral branch
  • Skin on Upper Anterior Thigh
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Nerve root of origin of the Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of The Thigh (Lateral Femoral Cutaneous)

What is its motor function
What does it innervate

A
  • L2 and L3, No motor function

- Innervates the anterior and lateral thigh down to the level of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Nerve root of origin of the Obturator nerve

What does it innervate (Sensory)

A
  • L2, L3, L4

- Skin over Medial Thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Nerve root of origin of the Femoral nerve

What does it innervate (Sensory)

A
  • L2, L3, L4

- Skin of Anterior Thigh and Medial Leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerves compose the Sacral Plexus

What is the Lumbosacral Trunk

A

Anterior rami of S1-S5, with contributions from L4-L5

A branch of L4 anterior ramus that combines with L5 anterior Ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the Main Sacral Plexus nerves and their nerve roots of origin

A

Salmon Is So Pink

Superior Gluteal- L4, L5, S1
Inferior Gluteal- L5, S1, S2
Sciatic- L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous- S1, S2, S3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Nerve root of origin of the Superior Gluteal Nerve
How does it leave pelvis and enter Gluteal region

What is it accompanied by
What does it innervate (Sensory and Motor)

A
  • L4, L5, S1
  • Via Greater Sciatic Foramen, ABOVE Piriformis
  • Superior Gluteal Artery+Vein
  • No sensory function
  • Gluteus Minimus and Medius, Tensor Fascia Lata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Nerve root of origin of the Inferior Gluteal Nerve
How does it leave pelvis and enter Gluteal region

What is it accompanied by
What does it innervate (Sensory and Motor)

A
  • L5, S1, S2
  • Via Greater Sciatic Foramen, BELOW Piriformis
  • Inferior Gluteal Artery+Vein
  • No sensory function
  • Gluteus Maximus
19
Q

What is the Nerve root of origin of the Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
How does it leave pelvis and enter Gluteal region

What does it innervate (Motor)

A
  • S1, S2, S3
  • Via Greater Sciatic Foramen, BELOW Piriformis
  • Innervates skin of posterior thigh and leg
20
Q

What is the Nerve root of origin of the Sciatic Nerve
How does it leave pelvis and enter Gluteal region

What does it divide into, are these sensory or motor?

A
  • L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
  • Via Greater Sciatic Foramen, BELOW Piriformis
  • Into Tibial nerve and Common Peroneal/ Fibular Nerve. Both are Sensory AND Motor
21
Q

What muscles are innervated by the Tibial nerve

Where are these muscles found

A

The 3 Hamstring Muscles and the hamstring part of Adductor Magnus

In Posterior Thigh

22
Q

What muscle is innervated by the Common Peroneal/ Fibular nerve
Where is this muscle found

A

Biceps Femoris Short Head

Posterior Thigh

23
Q

What 2 sites are used for IM Injections in the Gluteal region
In which patients groups are they used
Which is safer, why? What is one disadvantage

A

Dorsogluteal: 3-7 years old

Ventrogluteal: >7 or adults, further from neurovascular structures. Requires better patient compliance

24
Q

How do you find and inject into the Ventrogluteal site in 5 steps

A
  1. Place palm of hand over Greater Trochanter
  2. Point thumb towards inguinal region
  3. Point index finger towards Anterior Superior Iliac crest
  4. Spread index and middle fingers to make a V
    5 Inject between knuckles of Index and Middle fingers
25
Q
  • What is the Fascia Lata and its function

- How is it connected to the leg’s deep fascia and what is it called

A
  • The deep fascia of the thigh encloses the thigh muscles.

- Continuous With Crural Fascia

26
Q

What is the Iliotibial tract/ band

Where does it Originate and Insert

A

The thickened lateral part of the Fascia Lata
Origin- Iliac crest
Insertion- Lateral tibial Condyle (At the knee)

27
Q

Where does the Tensor Fascia Lata originate and insert
What nerve innervates it

What are 2 actions of the Tensor Fascia Lata

A
  • Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
  • Insertion: Between IT tract and Fascia Lata, at junction between upper and middle thigh
  • Innervated by Superior Gluteal Nerve
  1. Pulls on IT tract, stabilising hip during extension
  2. Assists G. Medius and Minimus in Hip Abduction
28
Q

What the 2 groups of Muscles in Gluteal Region
Which muscles are in each group

What arteries supply these, what artery are they branches of

A

Superficial: G. Maximus, Medius, Minimus, Tensor Fascia Lata

Deep: Piriformis, Superior and Inferior Gemelli, Obturator Internus, Quadratus Femoris. (Sometimes Obturator Externus)

Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries- Branches of Internal Iliac Artery

29
Q

Where does Gluteus Maximus originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Posterior surface of Ilium, Sacrum and Coccyx
  • Insertion: Superior fibres-> IT Tract, Inferior fibres-> Gluteal Tuberosity
  • Innervated by Inferior Gluteal Nerve
  • Main thigh extensor, assists with lateral rotation
30
Q

Where does Gluteus Medius originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Posterior surface of Ilium
  • Insertion: Lateral surface of Greater Trochanter
  • Innervated by Superior Gluteal Nerve
  • Abduction and Medial Rotation
31
Q

Where does Gluteus Minimus originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Ilium
  • Insertion: Anterior Greater Trochanter
  • Innervated by Superior Gluteal Nerve
  • Abduction and Medial Rotation
32
Q

What do the G. Medius and Minimus both work together to do

A

Secure the pelvis horizontally while walking

33
Q

Where does Piriformis originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
  • Insertion: Superior aspect of Greater Trochanter
  • Innervated by Nerve to Piriformis
  • Abduction and Lateral Rotation
34
Q

Where does Obturator Internus originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Obturator membrane medial surface, Pubis and Ischium
  • Insertion: Posterior aspect of Greater Trochanter
  • Innervated by Nerve to Obturator Internus
  • Abduction and Lateral Rotation
35
Q

Where does Superior Gemellus originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Ischial spine
  • Insertion: Posterior aspect of Greater Trochanter (Above OI’s insertion)
  • Innervated by Nerve to Obturator Internus
  • Abduction and Lateral Rotation
36
Q

Where does Inferior Gemellus originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: Posterior aspect of Greater Trochanter (Below OI’s insertion)
  • Innervated by Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
  • Abduction and Lateral Rotation
37
Q

Where does Quadratus Femoris originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Lateral side of Ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on Intertrochanteric Crest (Below greater trochanter)
  • Innervated by Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
  • Lateral Rotation
38
Q

Where does Obturator Externus originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Obturator membrane external surface
  • Insertion: Posterior aspect of Greater Trochanter
  • Innervated by Obturator Nerve
  • Adduction and Lateral Rotation
39
Q

Where does Biceps Femoris Short Head originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Linea Aspera
  • Insertion: Combines with Long Head-> Head of fibula
  • Innervated by Common Fibular Nerve
  • Lateral Rotation, Hip Extension, Knee Flexion
40
Q

Where does Biceps Femoris Long Head originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
  • Insertion: Combines with Short Head-> Head of fibula
  • Innervated by Tibial Nerve
  • Lateral Rotation, Hip Extension, Knee Flexion
41
Q

Where does Semitendinosus originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
  • Insertion: Upper medial tibia (Pes Anserinus)
  • Innervated by Tibial Nerve
  • Medial Rotation, Hip Extension, Knee Flexion
42
Q

Where does Semimembranosus originate and insert?
What nerve innervates it?
What is its action?

A
  • Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
  • Insertion: Medial tibial condyle (NOT pes anserinus)
  • Innervated by Tibial Nerve
  • Medial Rotation, Hip Extension, Knee Flexion
43
Q

What are 4 causes of Superior Gluteal Nerve Injury

A

Hip surgery
Hip joint dislocation
Injections to buttocks
Fractures of greater trochanter (insertion point of G. Medius and Minimus)

44
Q

Explain how a Positive Trendelenburg Sign occurs

A

When lifting one foot off the floor, G. Medius/ Minimus of injured limb cannot contract properly, so the pelvis sags on the unsupported side

MSK (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions