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MSK > Foot Anatomy > Flashcards

Foot Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 groups of bones in the feet? What are the bones in each group

A

Tarsal bones: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Cuboid, 3 Cuneiforms

Metatarsals: 5 metatarsals

Phalanges: 3 on each digit, except for great toe which has 2

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2
Q

What bones are in each of the 3 regions of the foot

A

Hindfoot- Talus and Calcaneus
Midfoot- Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms
Forefoot- Metatarsals and phalanges

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3
Q

What are the 3 articulations of the talus

A

Superiorly: Ankle joint (Tibia, Fibula, Talus)
Inferiorly: Subtalar joint
Anteriorly: Talonavicular joint

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4
Q

What part of the talus articulates with the mortise
Describe this part’s surface

How does this affect stability during Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

A

The trochlea is wider anteriorly and narrower posteriorly

Dorsiflexion- More stable
Plantar Flexion- less stable

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5
Q

What are the 2 articulations of the calcaneus

Where does the Achilles Tendon attach

A

Superiorly: Subtalar joint
Anteriorly: Calcaneocuboid joint

Calcaneal Tuberosity

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6
Q

What structures does the navicular articulate with anteriorly?
What do these structures articulate with anteriorly?

A

Navicular-> The three cuneiforms which articulate with metatarsals 1-3

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7
Q

What structure does the navicular articulate with laterally?

What does this structure articulate with anteriorly?

A

Navicular-> Cuboid which articulates with metatarsals 4 and 5

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8
Q

At which joints do inversion/ eversion occur, what’s the main one?

At which joint does plantar/ Dorsiflexion occur

A

Flexion: Ankle joint

Inversion/ Eversion: Subtalar, Calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints (Main is subtalar)

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9
Q

Of the ligaments reinforcing the ankle joint, which is stronger?

What are the main bones that hold weight when standing

A

Deltoid/ medial ligament

Heel and head of metatarsals

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10
Q

What bones make up the Medial Longtiudinal Arch

A

Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, the 3 cuneiforms and Metatarsals 1-3

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11
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg (medially to laterally)

Which nerve innervates these muscles and which artery supplies blood

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Fibularis tertius

Deep Fibular nerve, Anterior tibial artery

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12
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Tibialis Anterior

A

Origin: Lateral tibial condyle

Insertion: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Action: Dorsiflexion and Inversion

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13
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin: Lateral tibial condyle, medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Action: Extension of toes, Dorsiflexion

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14
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin: Medial surface of fibula

Insertion: Distal phalanx of great toe

Action: Extension of great toe, Dorsiflexion

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15
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Fibularis Tertius

Do all individuals have one?

A

Origin: Inferomedial surface of fibula

Insertion: Base of metatarsal 5

Action: Eversion, Dorsiflexion

No

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16
Q

Name the muscles in the Lateral compartment of the leg

Which nerve innervates these muscles and which artery supplies blood

A

Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis

Superficial fibular nerve, Anterior tibial artery

17
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Fibularis Longus

A

Origin: Lateral surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle

Insertion: Plantar surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Action: Eversion, Plantarflexion

18
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Fibularis Brevis

A

Origin: Inferolateral surface of fibular shaft

Insertion: Tuberosity on base of metatarsal 5

Action: Eversion

19
Q

Name the muscles in the 2 posterior compartments of the leg

Which nerve innervates these muscles

A

Superficial compartment; ( superior to inferior)

  • Plantaris
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus

Deep compartment; (Medially to laterally)

  • Popliteus
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus

Tibial nerve

20
Q

How do the muscles in superficial posterior compartment of leg insert into Calcaneal tuberosity

What are the 2 Bursae associated with this structure

A

Combine into the Calcaneal/ Achilles tendon

  • Subcutaneous Calcaneal Bursa: Between skin and tendon
  • Deep Calcaneal Bursa: Between calcaneus and tendon
21
Q

Identify the Origin and Action of Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: Lateral head- Lateral femoral condyle. Vice versa for medial head

Action: Plantar flexion and Knee flexion

22
Q

Identify the Origin and Action of Plantaris

Describe its pathway into the Calcaneal tendon
Does everyone have one

What can it be used for by surgeons

A

Origin: Lateral Supracondylar line
Action: Weak plantar flexor and knee flexor

Descends medially, between soleus and gastrocnemius
No

Harvested for reconstructive surgery elsewhere

23
Q

Identify the Origin and Action of Soleus

A

Origin: Proximal fibula and Soleal line of tibia
Action: Plantarflexion

24
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Popliteus

A

Origin: Tibia, above soleal line
Insertion: Lateral femoral condyle

Action: Laterally rotates femur (during “unlocking”)

25
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Tibialis Posterior

A

Origin: Interosseous membrane and posterior surface of tibia and fibula

Insertion: Plantar surface of Navicular and medial cuneiform

Action: Plantar flexion and inversion

26
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin: Medial surface of tibia
Insertion: Plantar surface of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

Action: Plantar flexion, Toe flexion, Inversion

27
Q

Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin: Posterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

Action: Plantar flexion, Inversion, Flexion of great toe

28
Q

What are 2 actions of the Common Peroneal Nerve

What are 2 actions of the Tibial Nerve

A

PED: common Peronal Everts and Dorsiflexes

TIP: Tibial Inverts and Plantar flexes

MSK (21 decks)

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