Foot Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 groups of bones in the feet? What are the bones in each group
Tarsal bones: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Cuboid, 3 Cuneiforms
Metatarsals: 5 metatarsals
Phalanges: 3 on each digit, except for great toe which has 2
What bones are in each of the 3 regions of the foot
Hindfoot- Talus and Calcaneus
Midfoot- Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms
Forefoot- Metatarsals and phalanges
What are the 3 articulations of the talus
Superiorly: Ankle joint (Tibia, Fibula, Talus)
Inferiorly: Subtalar joint
Anteriorly: Talonavicular joint
What part of the talus articulates with the mortise
Describe this part’s surface
How does this affect stability during Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
The trochlea is wider anteriorly and narrower posteriorly
Dorsiflexion- More stable
Plantar Flexion- less stable
What are the 2 articulations of the calcaneus
Where does the Achilles Tendon attach
Superiorly: Subtalar joint
Anteriorly: Calcaneocuboid joint
Calcaneal Tuberosity
What structures does the navicular articulate with anteriorly?
What do these structures articulate with anteriorly?
Navicular-> The three cuneiforms which articulate with metatarsals 1-3
What structure does the navicular articulate with laterally?
What does this structure articulate with anteriorly?
Navicular-> Cuboid which articulates with metatarsals 4 and 5
At which joints do inversion/ eversion occur, what’s the main one?
At which joint does plantar/ Dorsiflexion occur
Flexion: Ankle joint
Inversion/ Eversion: Subtalar, Calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints (Main is subtalar)
Of the ligaments reinforcing the ankle joint, which is stronger?
What are the main bones that hold weight when standing
Deltoid/ medial ligament
Heel and head of metatarsals
What bones make up the Medial Longtiudinal Arch
Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, the 3 cuneiforms and Metatarsals 1-3
Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg (medially to laterally)
Which nerve innervates these muscles and which artery supplies blood
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Fibularis tertius
Deep Fibular nerve, Anterior tibial artery
Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Tibialis Anterior
Origin: Lateral tibial condyle
Insertion: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Action: Dorsiflexion and Inversion
Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin: Lateral tibial condyle, medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action: Extension of toes, Dorsiflexion
Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin: Medial surface of fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx of great toe
Action: Extension of great toe, Dorsiflexion
Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Fibularis Tertius
Do all individuals have one?
Origin: Inferomedial surface of fibula
Insertion: Base of metatarsal 5
Action: Eversion, Dorsiflexion
No
Name the muscles in the Lateral compartment of the leg
Which nerve innervates these muscles and which artery supplies blood
Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis
Superficial fibular nerve, Anterior tibial artery
Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Fibularis Longus
Origin: Lateral surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle
Insertion: Plantar surface of medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Action: Eversion, Plantarflexion
Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Fibularis Brevis
Origin: Inferolateral surface of fibular shaft
Insertion: Tuberosity on base of metatarsal 5
Action: Eversion
Name the muscles in the 2 posterior compartments of the leg
Which nerve innervates these muscles
Superficial compartment; ( superior to inferior)
- Plantaris
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
Deep compartment; (Medially to laterally)
- Popliteus
- Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Tibialis Posterior
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tibial nerve
How do the muscles in superficial posterior compartment of leg insert into Calcaneal tuberosity
What are the 2 Bursae associated with this structure
Combine into the Calcaneal/ Achilles tendon
- Subcutaneous Calcaneal Bursa: Between skin and tendon
- Deep Calcaneal Bursa: Between calcaneus and tendon
Identify the Origin and Action of Gastrocnemius
Origin: Lateral head- Lateral femoral condyle. Vice versa for medial head
Action: Plantar flexion and Knee flexion
Identify the Origin and Action of Plantaris
Describe its pathway into the Calcaneal tendon
Does everyone have one
What can it be used for by surgeons
Origin: Lateral Supracondylar line
Action: Weak plantar flexor and knee flexor
Descends medially, between soleus and gastrocnemius
No
Harvested for reconstructive surgery elsewhere
Identify the Origin and Action of Soleus
Origin: Proximal fibula and Soleal line of tibia
Action: Plantarflexion
Identify the Origin, Insertion and Action of Popliteus
Origin: Tibia, above soleal line
Insertion: Lateral femoral condyle
Action: Laterally rotates femur (during “unlocking”)
