Hip Anatomy

Question 1

how many degrees of freedom does the hip joint have?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

what bones make up the acetabulum?

Answer 2

ileum
ishium
pubis

Question 3

what part of the acetabulum is covered with hyaline cartilage?

Answer 3

only a horseshoe-shaped portion (where the labrum is not)

Question 4

what is the center edge of the acetabulum?

Answer 4

a line connecting the lateral rim of acetabulum and the center of the femoral head 35-38 degrees

Question 5

what happens with the CE angle is smaller?

Answer 5

coverage of the head decreases and there is a higher risk of superior dislocation

Question 6

what is the most common type of hip dislocation?

Answer 6

congenital (CE malalignment)

Question 7

what kind of baby is more likely to have hip problems?

Answer 7

breach babies

Question 8

what is anteversion?

Answer 8

the magnitude of the anterior orientation

Question 9

what is the risk of having anteversion?

Answer 9

increase risk of anterior dislocation

Question 10

what is the primary flexor of the hip?

Answer 10

iliopsoas muscle

Question 11

where is the true pelvis located?

Answer 11

contained in the sacral-pelvic region

Question 12

what main feature differentiates female from male pelvis?

Answer 12

women have a softer sciatic notch

Question 13

what is the positioning of the femur?

Answer 13

head faces medially, superiorly and anteriorly

Question 14

what is it called when you decrease the angle of inclination (<125)?

Answer 14

coxa vara (goes outward)

Question 15

what is it called when you increase the angle of inclination (>125)?

Answer 15

coxa valga (goes inward)

Question 16

when can you best view the angle of torsion?

Answer 16

when looking down at the length of the femur

Question 17

what does the angle of torsion do with age?

Answer 17

decreases, starts at 40 deg as and infant and decreases to 15 degrees as an adult

Question 18

how does excessive anteversion present in the clinic?

Answer 18

intoeing gate

Question 19

in what position does the hip joint fit together best?

Answer 19

frog-leg position

Question 20

does the hip joint capsule include the trochanter?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

what is the zona orbicularis?

Answer 21

collar of deep circular fibers of the hip joint

Question 22

which ligament provides blood vessels to the head of the femur?

Answer 22

ligamentum teres

Question 23

which is the strongest ligament of the hip?

Answer 23

ileofemoral ligament

• fan shaped
• inverted Y
• anterior
• prevents hyperextension

Question 24

what ligaments form the anterior support for the hip?

Answer 24

ileofemoral

pubofemoral

Question 25

which ligament forms the posterior aspect of the hip joint?

Answer 25

ischiofemoral

Question 26

what limits hip adduction?

Answer 26

tensor fascia lata (iliotibial band)

Question 27

what is anterior pelvic tilt called?

Answer 27

flexion of the hip

Question 28

what is posterior pelvic tilt called?

Answer 28

extension

Question 29

what is it called when you move the pelvis out and down?

Answer 29

abduction

Question 30

what is ti called when you move the pelvis up and in?

Answer 30

adduction

Question 31

which muscle keeps the opposite pelvis level during gate?

Answer 31

gluteus medius (originates on ilium and inserts on greater trochanter)-causes abduction in open chain

Question 32

what happens in gluteus medius weakness?

Answer 32

every time you step on the leg with the weakness (left), the opposite hip drops (right)

Question 33

when do the hip muscles work best?

Answer 33

in the middle of their contraction range or on slight stretch

Question 34

when do two joint muscles generate the greatest amount of force?

Answer 34

when not required to shorten over both joints simultaneously

Question 35

what is the O/I of iliopsoas?

Answer 35

O: wide from iliac fossa, sacrum, IV discs of T12-L4 I: lesser trochanter of femur

Question 36

what is the O/I of rectus femoris?

Answer 36

two joint muscle O: AInferior IS I: tibial tuberosity _most effective when knee is flexed

Question 37

what is the O/I of sartorius?

Answer 37

O: ASIS I: upper medial tibia

Question 38

what is the O/I of tensor fascia lata?

Answer 38

O: lateral iliac crest I: iliotibial tract (band)

Question 39

what might the iliotibial tract be used for?

Answer 39

transplant material

Question 40

what are the hip flexors?

Answer 40

iliopsoas rectus femoris tensor fascia lata sartorius

Question 41

what are the hip adductors?

Answer 41

pectinate gracilis adductor brevis/longus/magnus

Question 42

what is the O/I of pectineus?

Answer 42

O: pubis I: linea aspera

Question 43

what is the O/I of gracilis?

Answer 43

O: symphysis pubis I: medial tibia

Question 44

what is the O/I of the adductors?

Answer 44

O: inferior ramus of pubis I: linea aspera

Question 45

what are the hip extensors?

Answer 45

``` gluteus maximus ham strings (two joint muscles) ```

Question 46

what is the O/I of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 46

O: sacrum, post ligaments I: gluteul tuberosity of femur

Question 47

what is the O/I of the hamstrings?

Answer 47

O: ischial tuberosity I: head of fibular and lateral tibia (biceps femoris) I: medial side of the tibia (semitendinosis/membranosus)

Question 48

what are the hip abductors?

Answer 48

gluteus medius | gluteus minimus

Question 49

what is the O/I of the gluteus medius?

Answer 49

O: lateral wing of ileum I: greater trochanter

Question 50

what is the O/I of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 50

O: outer surface of ilium and sciatic notch I: greater trochanter

Question 51

which muscles cause external rotation?

Answer 51

``` PGO-GOQ obturator internus/externus gemellus suprerior/inferior quadratus femoris piriformis ```

Question 52

which muscles cause internal rotation?

Answer 52

ant. portion of gluteus medius tensor fascia lata adductors

Question 53

which important nerves come off the lumbar plexus?

Answer 53

femoral and obturator

Question 54

which important nerve comes off the sacral plexus?

Answer 54

sciatic