Ankle Anatomy

Question 1

what is the true ankle joint?

Answer 1

tibia, fibula articulating with talus

talocrural joint

Question 2

what is the function of the ankle joint?

Answer 2

provides stability
used as a lever for push off during gait
conforms to changing terrain
absorbs shock

Question 3

what are the movements of the talocrural joint?

Answer 3

1 degree of freedom

plantar/dorsiflexion

Question 4

what is a term used to describe the ankle joint?

Answer 4

mortice (carpentry term)-gripper

Question 5

what is the most congruent joint of the body?

Answer 5

ankle

Question 6

where does the proximal tibiofibular joint contribute?

Answer 6

ankle motion

-small amount of sliding

Question 7

what ligaments are at the distal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 7

anterior/posterior tibiofibular ligaments

crural tibiofibular ligament (strongest ligament)

Question 8

where is the talus articular surface wider?

Answer 8

anteriorly

Question 9

what holds the ankle joint so strongly?

Answer 9

bony congruence

ligaments

Question 10

where is the deltoid ligament?

Answer 10

medial aspect of the ankle

stronger than the lateral collateral

Question 11

what will happen before ligaments tear at the ankle?

Answer 11

bones will break

Question 12

what are the bands at the lateral aspect of the ankle?

Answer 12

anterior tf (weakest)
post. tf (strongest)
calcaneofibular

Question 13

which malleolus is more distal?

Answer 13

fibula

Question 14

what muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion?

Answer 14

anterior tibialis
extensor digitorum
extensor hallicus longus

Question 15

what muscles are responsible for plantar flexion?

Answer 15

gastrocnemius
soleus
tibialis posterior (also inversion)

Question 16

when you pass out, you will always fall…

Answer 16

forward

center of gravity passes in the front of the ankle

Question 17

what is the susentaculum tali?

Answer 17

bony prominence of calcaneus where things link to

Question 18

what is the tarsal canal?

Answer 18

bony tunnel b/w post articular surface of calcaneus and the ant and medial articulation

Question 19

what runs through the tarsal canal?

Answer 19

ligaments

Question 20

what ligaments are present at the subtalar joint?

Answer 20

interosseous talocalcaneal L
Ligamentum cervicis
Med and lat collateral L
Post and lat talocalcaneal L

Question 21

what is the role of the subtalar jt?

Answer 21

connect the leg and the foot

absorb rotational motion of the leg

Question 22

what is the TCN joint?

Answer 22

talocalcaneonavicular joint

Question 23

what is the spring ligament?

Answer 23

plantar calcaneonavicular L

triangle shape that runs along subtalar joint and inserts of the inferior portion of the navicular

Question 24

where does TRUE plantar and dorsiflexion occur?

Answer 24

true ankle joint

Question 25

where does in/eversion occur?

Answer 25

subtalar, TCN joints

Question 26

where is the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 26

compound joint formed by the talonavicular jt and the calcaneocuboid divides hindfoot from the midfoot

Question 27

which foot bones are immobile during weight bearing?

Answer 27

navicular cuboid (all other bones move around them)

Question 28

what is the long plantar ligament?

Answer 28

from calcaneus and cuboid (inferiorly) to the base of MT 2,3,4 contributes to stability of the transverse jt

Question 29

which joints are in the midfoot region?

Answer 29

subtalar TCN Transverse joint

Question 30

what kind of joints are the TMTs?

Answer 30

plane joints

Question 31

where do you experience plantar fasciitis?

Answer 31

plantar aponeurosis

Question 32

where is the foot arch highest?

Answer 32

medially

Question 33

which tissues maintain longitudinal foot arches?

Answer 33

spring L long plantar L short plantar L plantar aponeurosis

Question 34

which bone is the keystone of the transverse arch of the foot?

Answer 34

middle cuneiform

Question 35

how can you isolate the soleus?

Answer 35

flex the knee, then plantar flex

Question 36

what is the O/I of gastroc?

Answer 36

O: condyles of the femur I: achilles tendon onto calcaneus

Question 37

what is the O/I of soleus?

Answer 37

O; from tibia and fibula | I; achilles tendon into calcaneus

Question 38

what can gastroc and soleus also cause?

Answer 38

hindfoot supination

Question 39

what is the O/I of tibialis anterior?

Answer 39

O: proximal tibia and interosseus membrane I: 1st MT and medial cunieform

Question 40

what is the O/I of extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 40

O: anterior fibula and interosseus I: great toe

Question 41

what is the O/I of the extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 41

O: upper tibia and fibula I: phalanx of toes 2-5

Question 42

what is the O/I of the fibularis longus?

Answer 42

O: fibula and tibial condyle I: MT 1 and medial cuneiform (wraps around inferiorly)

Question 43

what is the O/I of the fibularis brevis?

Answer 43

O: mid fibula I: MT V

Question 44

what do the fibularis muscles do?

Answer 44

evert the ankle

Question 45

what is the O/I of the posterior tibialis?

Answer 45

O: tibia, fibula, interosseus I: MT 2-5

Question 46

what is the role of the posterior tibialis?

Answer 46

``` plantar flex invert foot (strongest) ```

Question 47

what does the deep peroneal nerve innervate?

Answer 47

tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor digitorum brevis extensor hallucis longus

Question 48

what does the superficial peroneal nerve innervate?

Answer 48

fibularis longus | fibularis brevis

Question 49

what does the tibial nerve innervate?

Answer 49

gastro soleus flexors longuses tibialis posterior

Question 50

what does the medial plantar nervve innervate?

Answer 50

flexor digitorum brevis flexor hallucis brevis abductor hallucis 1st lumbrical

Question 51

what does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?

Answer 51

intrinsic foot muscles