Elbow and Wrist Dx and Txment

Question 1

what is a gunstock deformity?

Answer 1

cubitus varus with reverse carrying angle

-usu. occurs due to a malunion fx

Question 2

which ROM is mostly affected by a contracture?

Answer 2

extension

Question 3

what is the tennis elbow test (lateral epicondyle damage)?

Answer 3

pain with resisted wrist extension

Question 4

what is the golfer’s elbow test (medial epicondyle damage)?

Answer 4

pain with resisted wrist flexion

Question 5

what is tinel’s sign?

Answer 5

light tapping on cubital tunnel over ulnar nerve, observe for sxs in ulnar nerve distribution

Question 6

what might you see with imaging and chronic lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 6

calcification due to inflammation

Question 7

after how many injections do you get an MRI with elbow injuries?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

how does the lateral epiconydlitis surgery help?

Answer 8

causes injury and induces healing

Question 9

what do always want to ask with medial epicondyler pain?

Answer 9

do you have numbness and tingling?

Question 10

how do you reduce nurse maid’s elbow?

Answer 10

passively flex to 90 degrees, place thumb over radial head placing posterior force. elbow is ext. suppinated feel click

Question 11

what do you need to distinguish when you have olecranon bursitis?

Answer 11

aseptc vs septic

Question 12

what might you see on XR with olecranon bursitis?

Answer 12

spur at olecranon

Question 13

what is osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 13

subchondral bone death forms a loose body

Question 14

how does osteochondritis dissecans present?

Answer 14

effusion, pain at capitulum or involved area, stiffness, decrease ROM

Question 15

which imaging study is dx for osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 15

MRI shows hypodense bone

Question 16

when would you do an EMG study for elbow problems?

Answer 16

when you don’t know if the problem is coming from the neck of from the elbow

Question 17

what is ulnar tunnel syndrome?

Answer 17

compression of ulnar nerve in guyon’s canal caused by tumor, ganglion, thrombosis ulnar artery

Question 18

who typically has UCL tears?

Answer 18

throwing athletes

Question 19

what sxs do UCL tears have?

Answer 19

pain over inside of elbow PLUS cubital tunnel sxs

Question 20

what is special about supracondylar elbow fx?

Answer 20

it needs to be treated immediately b/c of vessels and nerves

Question 21

when treating kids, how many xrs should you get?

Answer 21

bilateral

Question 22

what is lymphangitis?

Answer 22

infected lymph tracts

Question 23

what is the most common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 23

flexor tenosynovitis

Question 24

when do you NOT use epinephrine?

Answer 24

ears, nose, fingers, toes, hose

Question 25

what are the 4 cardinal signs of Kanavel?

Answer 25

1. uniform swelling of digit 2. finger flexion for comfort 3. passive extension causes pain 4. exquisite pain entire length of tendon

Question 26

what do you do to reduce joints?

Answer 26

1. traction 2. increase deformity 3. return to anatomical position

Question 27

what space is commonly used for injections of the elbow?

Answer 27

anconeus muscle + triangle of radial head/olecranon/lateral epicondyle

Question 28

what structures run through the cubital fossa?

Answer 28

``` R. artery M. nerve B. artery U. artery musculocutaneous nerve ```

Question 29

what can Ehler's Danlos syndrome case?

Answer 29

congenital posterior, bilateral elbow dislocation

Question 30

what can Monteggia cause?

Answer 30

traumatic elbow dislocation

Question 31

what can cause developmental elbow dislocations?

Answer 31

cerebral palsy, neurological disorders

Question 32

which artery supplies the superficial palmar arch?

Answer 32

ulnar artery

Question 33

which artery supplies the deep palmar arch?

Answer 33

radial artery

Question 34

what is Froment sign?

Answer 34

tests for ulnar nerve paralysis pt holds paper b/w thumb and index finger if they have to use their thumb, it is positive sign

Question 35

what is finkelstein test?

Answer 35

tests for Quervain's tenosynovitis | positive sign is pain over 1st dorsal compartment when thumb is flexed and ulnar deviated

Question 36

what is a Galeazzi fx?

Answer 36

fx of distal radius with dislocation of radioulnar jt

Question 37

what is a colles fx?

Answer 37

FOOSH injury "dinner fork" from fall on extended wrist | Usu. >50 yo

Question 38

what is a smith's fx?

Answer 38

reversed colles

Question 39

what is a barton's fx?

Answer 39

distal radius fx with dislocation of radiocarpal joint (dislocation is more obvious than fx)

Question 40

what is a bennet's fx?

Answer 40

intraarticular fx of CMC jt of thumb | ORIF sx