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Biomechanics Exam 1 > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Hip is ——axial joint with ——-degrees of freedom

A

triaxial

3

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2
Q

flexion/extension

A

sagittal plane

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3
Q

abduction/adduction

A

frontal plane

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4
Q

internal/external rotation

A

transverse plane

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5
Q

what is circumduction motion?

A

combination of motions occurring in all 3 planes simultaneously
seen in stroke patients

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6
Q

in the case of the hip, circumduction will cause the foot to be moving

A

in a circular pattern, and the lower ex will be moving in a cone with apex of the cone at the hip

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7
Q

what is the primary function of the hip?

A

support the weight of the head, arms and trunk in both static and dynamic weight-bearing

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8
Q

what are some other functions of the hip?

A
  • provide a pathway of forces between the pelvis and the lower ex
  • functions primarily in a closed kinetic chain system in which the head is considered the fixed point.
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9
Q

hip functions primarily in

A

Closed-Kinetic Chain system

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10
Q

what is the fixed point in CKC system?

A

head

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11
Q

hip flexion is an example of

A

CKC

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12
Q

The forces applied in static stance w/o muscle contraction: Each femoral head bears about —–of the body weight above the hips

A

1/2

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13
Q

The forces applied in static stance w/o muscle contraction:Each lower extremity is about ——-body weight

A

1/6

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14
Q

The forces applied in static stance w/o muscle contraction:Each hip bears about ——–of the body weight

A

1/3

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15
Q

Forces applied to the hip, with muscle contraction:

A

3X body weight if standing on one leg

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16
Q

Forces applied to the hip, with muscle contraction: stance phase of gait

A

up to 6 times body weight during stance phase of walking cycle

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17
Q

increase in velocity of gait causes

A

the increase in force at the hip

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18
Q

The acetabulum faces

A

laterally
inferiorly
anteriorly

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19
Q

greater trochanter is important for

A

muscle attachment

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20
Q

neck of the femur is important for

A

injuries

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21
Q

In an extended position of the hip ( which is a neutral position in sagittal plane)

A

considerable amount of femoral head is uncovered - not the greatest head coverage

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22
Q

swaddling of the infant puts hip in what position?

A

Extended

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23
Q

swaddling of infants causes

A

congenital hip dislocation

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24
Q

swaddling forces the hip into

A

less congruent position

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25
Q

when the infant is carried on the mother’s hip at a very young age

A

the incidence of hip dislocation is less than normal

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26
Q

when the infant is carried on the mother’s hip at a very young age

A

this abducted, flexed, externally rotated position correlates to a position of greater coverage of the femoral head within acetabulum, providing protection to the hip joint

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27
Q

only a ———-shaped portion of the periphery is covered with hyaline cartilage

A

horseshoe

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28
Q

over time horseshoe shaped cartilage thins and you have direct contact of femoral head with acetabulum fossa and you get

A

hip arthritis
lack of shock absorbance
lower back pain

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29
Q

the acetabular fossa is

A

non articular

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30
Q

femoral head ———contact acetabular fossa

A

DOES NOT

this articular confuguration allows hip joint to have a cushion effect

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31
Q

if the femoral head were in complete contact with the acetabular fossa

A

then all shock passing up through the femur would then be transferred to the pelvis

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32
Q

now that the femoral head is not in complete contact with the acetabular fossa

A

the shock is transferred to the articular cartilage which then compresses to help dissipate the shock.

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33
Q

in radiograph if you dont see any joint space that means there is

A

No cartilage

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34
Q

The entire acetabulum is deepened by

A

acetabular labrum

35
Q

The labrum helps

A
  • deepen the socket

- increase relative concavity of acetabulum

36
Q

hip joint is one of the

A

most stable joint in the body

37
Q

hip capsular ligaments

A

screw down the femoral head into acetabulum as you get into hip extension

38
Q

As the hip extends the hip capsular ligaments

A

coil and tighten making hip extension the “closed-packed” position or neutral position

39
Q

As the hip moves into hyperextension

A

the ligament act to provide resistance

40
Q

in hip joint the closed packed or neutral position

A

is not the position of maximum congruity

41
Q

what is the most congruent position of the hip

A

flexed to 90º
abducted
externally rotated
the “quadruped”position

42
Q

the least stable hip position

A

flexed
adducted
(there is decreased congruity, and the joint is loose-packed)

43
Q

what is the strongest ligament of the body?

A

iliofemoral ligamnet aka the Y ligament of Bigelow

44
Q

superior fibers of the iliofemoral ligament are

A

tensed with adduction

45
Q

Inferior fibers of the iliofemoral ligament are

A

tensed with abduction

46
Q

the pubofemoral ligament is taut with

A

extension

hip abduction

47
Q

the ischiofemoral ligaments are located

A

posteriorly

48
Q

the fibers of ischiofemoral are ———oriented

A

spirally

49
Q

the spiral fibers tighten with ————–and loosedn or unwind during———-

A

hip extension

flexion

50
Q

Forces passing through bony architecture are often represented by

A

trabecular patterns

51
Q

in the hip, the trabecular patterns

A

the weight bearing forces passing through both femur and pelvis

52
Q

most of trabecular patterns in the pelvis pass through

A

acetabulum

53
Q

There is no significant trabeculae patterns to protect

A

the neck of the femur …therefore more susceptible to fracture

54
Q

elderly women tend to get hip fracture

A

due to osteopenia

55
Q

The trabeculae act to provide

A
  • reinforcement along weight bearing lines

- prevent the femoral head from being sheared off

56
Q

An area of increased subchondral bone density exists

A

in the superior acetabulum

57
Q

Area of subchondral bone density corresponds to

A

the area of greatest weight-bearing within the acetabulum

58
Q

The zone in the hip which has less trabecular reinforcement is called

A

a zone of weakness

59
Q

women are more susceptible to hip fracture due to

A

increased angulations which increases area of weakness

60
Q

Hip range of motion vary widely in opinions of normal value due to

A

pelvic tilt

61
Q

Do we see motions of the femur on pelvis during ckc?

A

NO

62
Q

What do we see during CKC motion of the hip?

A

we see pelvis tilting anteriorly for hip flexion and posteriorly for hip extension
or lateral pelvic tilt in case of abduction and adduction of the hip

63
Q

Regardless of the direction of the pelvic tilt, in CKC what will occur?

A

compensation in the lumbar spine

64
Q

What is Lumbar Pelvic Rhythm?

A

in OKC, the hip, pelvis and lumbar all work together to provide increased range of motion.

65
Q

What is normal value for frontal plane hip range of motion?

A

45º abduction and 45º addction

most people do not seem to have this much range of motion

66
Q

what is the more realistic value for frontal plane hip range of motion?

A

30º abduction and 25º adduction

67
Q

what is the minimum range of motion required for normal daily activities?

A

20º abduction

68
Q

Greatest amount of range of motion is in ——plane

A

Sagittal

69
Q

Hip flexion with knee extended

A

70º-90º

limited by hamstrings

70
Q

Hip flexion with knee flexed

A

Greater than 120º

limited by bony architecture or by abdominal girth

71
Q

How do you evaluate Hip range of motion?

A

put middle finger under lower back all the way to spine to make sure we aren’t getting hip or spine motion.- when you feel pressure, stop lifting the leg

72
Q

hip hyperextension is limited by

A

capsular ligaments particularly the iliofemoral ligament

73
Q

hip extension with the knee extended may be limited by

A

the medial thigh muscle group

74
Q

Hip extension with the knee flexed to 90º may be limited

A

by the quadriceps femoris

75
Q

Transverse plane hip range of motion varies depending on

A

the position of the knee and the hip

76
Q

what is the benefit of measuring hip range of motion with the knee flexed ?

A

muscle limitations to transverse plane hip motion have been minimized

77
Q

What is the benefit of measuring hip range of motion with the hip flexed?

A

ligamentous limitation has been minimized

78
Q

What are the theoretical normal values for transverse plane hip range of motion?

A

45º External rotation

45º internal rotation

79
Q

What is the minimum hip ranges of motion required for normal gait in sagittal plane?

A

30º flexion

10º hyperextension

80
Q

What is the minimum hip ranges of motion required for normal gait in frontal plane?

A

5º abduction/adduction

81
Q

What is the minimum hip ranges of motion required for normal gait in Transverse plane

A

5º internal/external rotation

82
Q

climbing stairs, sitting, crossing legs all increase

A

hip ranges of motions

83
Q

during gait, as you go through pre-swing you get

A

rapid hip flexion

Biomechanics Exam 1 (12 decks)

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