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Biomechanics Final > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Know this

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
TFL
Rectus Femoris
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus
Adductor Longus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris (long head) and Semitendinosus

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2
Q

Coxa vara is hip bend ______ and ____ 125°

A

inward; <

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3
Q

Coxa valga is hip bend _____ and ___ 125°

A

outward; >

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4
Q

Anteversion has more ____ than _____

A

IR; ER

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5
Q

Retroversion has more ____ than ______

A

ER; IR

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6
Q

Angle of inclination can alter the _______ @ the acetabulum and is involved with _____/______

CP is typically coxa _____

A

articulation

OA; dislocation

valga

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7
Q

Know this

A

Top pic: Normal

Coxa Vara

Coxa Valga

2nd pic: Coxa valga; Coxa vara

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8
Q
A

Normal Anteversion

Excessive Anteversion

Excessive Retroversion

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9
Q

The ______ is a deep, cuplike socket

A

acetabulum

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10
Q

The acetabular notch has a ____-____° opening

A

60-70

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11
Q

________ ________ : floor of fossa, has no cartilage, no contact, filled with fat/blood vessels/ synovial membrane/lig

A

acetabular fossa

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12
Q

Femoral head normally contacts only along the ______ _______

A

lunate surface

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13
Q

The _______ _________ is covered in articular cartilage, thickest along the antsup region matching area of highest joint force with walking

A

lunate surface

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14
Q

Forces ____% swing to _____% BW at mid stance

A

13; 300

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15
Q

In midstance, the _____ widens, lunate _____, ______ contact area, _______ pressure

A

notch
deforms
increase
decrease

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16
Q

Know these

A

a. ischiofemoral
b. ligamentum teres
c. iliofemoral
d. lesser
e. transverse acetabular
f. ischial ramus
g. pubis
h. ligamentum teres cut
i. acetabular fossa
j. lunate surface
k. acetabular labrum
l. iliofemoral

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17
Q

The acetabular labrum is a strong, _______ ring with a ____________ rim

A

flexible; fibrocartilage

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18
Q

The acetabular labrum provides mechanical _______ ‘grip’ and _______ the socket

A

stability; deepens

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19
Q

The acetabular labrum has a mechanical seal keeps negative _______, is _______ sealed

This causes reduced ________/contact stress and improved _______ to the joint

A

pressure; fluid

friction; lubrication

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20
Q

The acetabular labrum is poorly _______ but well _________

Focuses on pain and ________

A

vascularized; innervated

proprioception

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21
Q

Capsule with synovial membrane:

Iliofemoral/pubofemoral/ischiofemoral ligaments reinforce external ________, _________, gluteus ________, _________ __________

A

capsule; iliocapsularis; minimus; rectus femoris

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22
Q

This ligament is thick, strong upside down “Y” med. and lat; AIIS/ rim of acetabulum to intertronchanteric line; full hip ext and also full EROT elongates it?

A

Iliofemoral

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23
Q

This ligament is taught in hip abd/ext and a bit of ERot?

A

Pubofemoral

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24
Q

This ligament is posterior, spirals, taught in IROT and ABD?

A

Ischiofemoral

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25
Q

know these

A

a. iliofemoral
b. ischiofemoral
c. iliacus
d. psoas
e. pubofemoral
f. obturator externus
g. iliopsoas tendon

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26
Q

know these

A

a. ischial spine
b. inferior pubi ramus
c. ischial tuberosity
d. ilium
e. greater trochanter
f. ischiofemoral
g. protrusion of synovial membrane
h. lesser trochanter

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27
Q

_____-on-______: femur on about fixed pelvis

A

femoral-on-pelvic

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28
Q

____- on- ________: rotation of the pelvis on fixed femurs

A

pelvic-on-femoral

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29
Q

T/F:

FOP and POF occur often simultaneously

A

T

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30
Q

know this

A

sagittal

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31
Q

know this

A

horizontal

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32
Q

know this

A

frontal

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33
Q

hip flexion is _____-_____ degrees

A

120-140

34
Q

with hip flexion and LE extended. it is ____-_____ degrees (hamstring tension)

A

70-80

35
Q

hip extension is ____-_____ degrees

A

18-30

36
Q

Abduction is ____-_____ degrees

Limited by _______ and _______ muscles

A

40-55

pubofemoral

adductor

37
Q

Adduction is _____-______ degrees

Limited by ____, _______, and ________

A

20-25

abd; piriformis; ITB

38
Q

IR is ____-_____ degrees

A

30-45

39
Q

ER is _____-______ degrees

A

32-50

40
Q

know this

A
41
Q

know this

A
42
Q

Muscular function: FLEXION

6 main hip flexors?

A

Iliopsoas
Sartorius
TFL
RF
Adductor Longus
Pectineus

43
Q

The ________ and _______ ________

large, long

Iliacus – iliacus fossa/over SIJ

Psoas major – TP T12/discs (blend with diaphragm)

Blend anterior to femoral head before attachment to lesser trochanter

“internal snapping hip” – distal abrasion @iliopubic eminence region

A

Iliopsoas and psoas minor

44
Q

The _______ is
Prominent femoral-on-hip flexor and flexor of trunk/pelvis over fixed thighs

Swing phase of walk/run
Frontal plane stability of lumbar spine bilat contraction

A

Iliopsoas

45
Q

The _______ ________ is Directly anterior to major

Present in 60-65%

T12/L1 bodies to medial to acetabulum and iliac fascia

May help stabilize the position of the underlying psoas major (prevent ‘bowstringing’)

A

psoas minor

46
Q

The __________ muscle:

Longest muscle in the body
ASIS to medial proximal tibia @ pes anserine
Tailor’s muscle
Hip flexion/ER/abd

A

Sartorius

47
Q

The ______ muscle

Ilium to IT Band (short)
Flexor/abd of hip
IRot only from Erot

A

TFL

48
Q

The ______ _______ of the thigh:

max and TFL attachments

it circles the thigh

Forms fascial sheets of intermuscular septa (attach at linea aspera)

ITB forms as thickened deeper portion

A

fascia lata

49
Q

TFL innervation:

______ _______ nerve (L4-S1)

A

Superior gluteal

50
Q

ITB innervation:

_______ and _______ ______ nerve
(L4-S1)
(L5-S2)

A

superior
inferior gluteal

51
Q

________ _______

Between sartorius and TFL
AIIS and superior rim of acetabulum/capsule to tibia
@ 1/3 of isometric torque at hip
Primary knee extensor

A

Rectus Femoris

52
Q

Rectus femoris innervation?

A

Femorak nerve

53
Q

The _______ _________ contributes to the flexion of the extended thigh, as well as the extension of the flexed thigh.

A

adductor longus

54
Q

The _______ muscleassists in hip adduction and flexion

A

pectineus

55
Q

With normal activation of abdominal muscles, the pelvis is stabilized and prevented from _______ ________ by strong inferior pull of ______ ______ muscles

A

anterior tilting
hip flexor

56
Q

With reduced activation of ______ _______ (core) contraction of the hip flexor muscles causes a marked ________ tilt of pelvis

A

rectus abdominis
anterior

57
Q

Adductor muscles:

  1. Adductor ________
  2. Adductor ________
  3. Adductor ________
  4. _________
  5. _________
A

Longus
Brevis
Magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus

58
Q

3 layers of hip adductors
Superficial: _________, adductor ________, _______

Middle layer: adductor ______

Deep: adductor ______- horizontal and oblique (60% of mass)

A

pectineus
longus
gracilis

brevis

magnus

59
Q

_______ muscles attach:

Pubis to linea aspera
Pubis to medial tibia (gracilis)
Pubis/IT to linea aspera

A

adductor

60
Q

Adductor muscles produce forces in all ____ plane

primarily _____ and ______

A

3
sagittal; frontal

61
Q

______ adduction on both R and L

_________ activation L ______ ________ to help control velocity and extent of drop oof the adducting ____ hip

A

Eccentric

Concentric
gluteus medius
L

62
Q

Weakness of _________ may place valgus strain on LE and risk ACL
(specifically gluteus medius)

A

ABDors

63
Q

Adductor _______- posterior fibers powerful extensors of the hip – any position

When hip is near full flexion, adductors assist with _______

When hip is near full extension, adductors assit with ________

A

Magnus

extension

flexors

64
Q

Adductor Magnus is important in high-power ______ motions…sprinting, cycling, deep squat, running up a _____ – susceptible to injury/soreness with running/jumping/changing directions.

A

cycling
hill

65
Q

Internal Rotators (secondary)

ant fibers of ______ ____/____
______
adductor _____/______
_________

A

glute med/min
TFL
longus/brevis
pectinous

66
Q

___-____ degrees hip flexion the internal rotators increase in _____ due to angle change; piriformis even becomes internal rotator past _____ deg

A

60; 90
torque
60

67
Q

Internal rotator in gait:

during stance they rotate the ______ on ______

A

pelvis
femur

68
Q

Hip EXTENSORS:

Primary: Gluteus _______, _______, posterior head of adductor _______

Secondary: middle and posterior fibers of glute _____ and anterior fibers of adductor _______

> ____ degree flexion most adductors assist with _______

A

maximus
hamstrings
magnus

med
magnus

70

69
Q

Gluteus maximus innervated by _______ _______ nerve (L5-S2)

Hamstrings: ______ nerve (L5-S2)

Posterior head of adductor magnus: _______ nerve (L2-4)

A

Inferior gluteal

sciatic

obturator

70
Q

_______ _______ attaches Ilium/sacrum/coccyx/ST and posterior SIJ ligs/TL fascia to IT Band/TFL and gluteal tuberosity on femur.

is a ______ and _______ rotator

__________ SIJ / Lumbar region secondary to legs/fascial attachments

A

Gluteus maximus

extensor; external

stabilizes

71
Q

________ attach to IT to tibia and fibula

Extend ____ and flex _______

A

hamstrings

hip; knee

72
Q

Abductors

Primary: ______ _______ ilium to gtr trochanter, largest @ 60-65% of abductors, excellent leverage, ant/middle/posterior portions

______ ________- deep and anterior to medius, ilium to gtr trochanter, blends with capsule hip joint (may prevent impingement)

________ _______ _______

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
TFL

73
Q

External rotators:

Primary- ______ _______

Secondary- posterior fibers of ______ ______ and ________

obturator _______
sartorius
long head of _____ ______

A

Max
gluteus min/med
externs

74
Q

What are the 6 ER of the HIP?

A
  1. Obturator Internus
  2. Sup Gemelli
  3. Inf gemmeli
  4. piriformis
  5. quadratus femoris
  6. obturator externus
75
Q

GTPS:

Can be a primary cause of _____ ______ pain, common > 40 F; “rotator cuff syndrome of the hip”

Ache, tender near ______ ______

Weak hip _____

possible ________ gait

P! with _______ on one leg, climbing ____/_____, prolonged ______

A

lateral

greater trochanter

ABD

Trendeleburg

standing
hills
stairs
walking

76
Q

With GTPS: there will be ______ stress; also _______ (______ of gait and with ______ muscle)

A

tension
compression
midstance
TFL

77
Q

_________ sign: weak hip ‘falls’ into pelvic-on-femoral adduction; can be masked by trunk side lean (reduces external torque)

A

Trendelenburg

78
Q

With tredelenburg giat, there could be damage to ______ _____ nerve

A

sup gluteal

78
Q

Changing of piriformis with hip flexion

Hip EXT: line of force _______ rotates the hip; the muscle’s line of pull is ______ to vertical axis

Hip FLX: line of force shifts to _______ side with a ________ axis; this now turns into a ______ rotator of hip

A

externally
posterior

opposite
longitudinal
internally

79
Q

Usage of cane:

___________ force= (cane and hip abd) = clockwise forces (BW)

Reduces compressive forces in _______ hand

Reduces _____ by reducing activation of hip ______

A

counterclockwise

opposite

JRF

abductors

80
Q

Usage of cane:

_________ forces (hip abd) = clockwise forces (BW and contralateral weight held)

With compromised hip- ideal not to carry any ______ load, if so then it can add _______ load

A

counterclockwise

external

ipsilateral

Biomechanics Final (6 decks)

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