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NSF > Hindlimb > Flashcards

Hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

Illiopsoas

A

O - L2-L7, Ventral surface of ilium

I - Lesser trochanter of femur

A - Protraction

Lumbar and femoral nn.

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2
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

O - Ilium

I - Tibial tuberosity (via patella ligament)

A - Hip flexor

Femoral n.

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3
Q

Sartorius

A

O - Tuber coxae of ilium

I - Femur and tibial tuberosity (via patella ligament)

A - Hip flexor, stifle extensor

Femoral n.

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4
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

O - Tuber coxae of ilium I - Fascia latae Cranial gluteal n.

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5
Q

Internal Obturator

A

O - Dorsal surface of ischium and pubis I - Trochanteric fossa of the femur Sciatic n.

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6
Q

External Obturator

A

O - Ventral surface of pubis adjacent to the symphysis pubis I - Trochanteric fossa of the femur Obturator n.

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7
Q

Gemellus

A

O - Dorsolateral surface of ischium I - Trochanteric fossa of the femur Sciatic n.

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8
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

O - Caudoventral ischium I - Trochanteric fossa of the femur Sciatic n.

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9
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

O - Ischiatic tuberosity I - Via fascia lata and crural fascia to (i) the patella, (ii) tibial tuberosity and tibial body, (iii) tuber calcis of calcaneus Sciatic n.

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10
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O - Ischiatic tuberosity I - Medial surface of tibia, tuber calcis Sciatic n.

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11
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O - Ischiatic tuberosity I - Medial surfaces of femur and tibia Sciatic n.

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12
Q

Superficial Gluteal

A

O - Sacral tuberosity of ilium, sacrum, caudal vetebrae and sacrotuberous ligament I - Third trochanter of femur Caudal gluteal n.

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13
Q

Middle Gluteal

A

O - Lateral surface of ilium I - Greater trochanter of femur Cranial gluteal n.

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14
Q

Deep Gluteal

A

O - Lateral surface of ilium I - Greater trochanter of femur Cranial gluteal n.

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15
Q

Gracilis

A

O - Pelvic symphysis I - Cranial border of tibia, tuber calcis Obturator n.

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16
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O - Just outside popliteal surface of the femur; L & M supracondylar tuberosity I - Tuber calcis Tibial n.

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17
Q

Popliteus

A

O - Lateral epicondyle of the femur I - Medial border of tibia Tibial n.

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18
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor

A

O - Popliteal surface of femur and lateral fabella I - Tuber calcis and Middle phalanx Tibial n.

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19
Q

Long Digital Extensor

A

O - Lateral epicondyle of the femur I - Distal phalanx 2-5 Peroneal n.

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20
Q

Cranial Tibial

A

O - Tibial crest I - Proximal MT 2 Peroneal n.

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21
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

O - Upper extremity of tibia and fibula I - Upper part of MT I, II, V, & Tarsal IV

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22
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

O - Distal two-thirds of tibia and fibula I - Proximal part of MT V Peroneal n.

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23
Q

Lateral Digital Extensor

A

O - Proximal third of fibula

I - Long digital extensor tendon of digit V

Peroneal n.

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24
Q

Adductor

A

O - Pelvic symphysis I - Lateral lip of caudal face of femur Obturator n.

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25
Q

Pectineus

A

O - Pecten of pubis I - Lower caudal surface of femur Obturator n.

26
Q

Caudal Crural Abductor

A

O - Sacrotuberous ligament I - Crural fascia

27
Q

Piriformis

A

O - Sacrotuberus ligament I - Third Trochanter of femur

28
Q

How many heads does the Sartorius muscle have in the cat vs the dog?

A

In the cat it has only a single head whereas in the dog it has two heads.

29
Q

What structures border the femoral triangle on the medial thigh? What structures are contained within the triangle?

A

It is caudally bordered by the pectineus and adductor and cranially bordered by the sartorius. Within the triangle can be found the femoral neurovascular bundle (vein, artery, nerve).

30
Q

Which muscles make up the Quadriceps? Outline their areas of origination and common insertion point. What is their innervation?

A

Rectus femoris; o - ilium, Vastus lateralis; o - lateral femur, Vastus medialis; o - medial femur, Vastus intermedialis; o - cranial femur. All insert onto the tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament. Innervated via the femoral nerve.

31
Q

These muscles act to extend the stifle. (x5)

A

Quadriceps (x4) and the Sartorius

32
Q

These muscles act the flex the stifle. (x4)

A

Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gastrocnemius.

33
Q

These muscles act as protractors of the limb and flexors of the hip. (x4)

A

Illiopsoas, Sartorius, Rectus femoris, Tensor fascia latae.

34
Q

These muscles act to adduct the hindlimb. (x4)

A

Gracilis, Adductor, Pectineus, External obturator.

35
Q

These muscles act the abduct the hindlimb. (x3)

A

Superficial, middle and deep Gluteal muscles

36
Q

These muscles act to retract the limb and flex the stifle. (x3)

A

Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus.

37
Q

The lumbosacral plexus is made up of the ventral branches of which spinal nerves?

A

L5, L6, L7, S1, S2

38
Q

Name the nerves which supply the hindlimb from the lumbosacral plexus. (x4 + branches)

A

Gluteal (cranial and caudal), Obturator, Femoral, Sciatic (tibial and fibular (peroneal))

39
Q

Outline the characteristic features of the wing of ilium between the major domestic species.

A

Dog and pig - vertical orientation, flat or convex cranial margin Horse and ruminant - horizontal orientation, concave cranial margin

40
Q

This species of animal has a trifid Tuber Ischium.

What is meant by this?

A

Cows and to a lesser extent sheep.

Trifid in this sense means that the tuber ischium is made up of three projections.

41
Q

These palpable land mark is usually obvious in the cow but variably distinct on palpation of the equine rump.

A

Tuber sacrale, tuber coxae and tuber ischium

42
Q

How do the number of fused sacral vertebrae differ between the major domestic species?

A
  • Horse, cow and goat - 5
  • Pig and sheep - 4
  • Dog - 3
43
Q

True or false.

The dorsal spinous processes within the SI joint are fused within the horse.

How does the cow differ?

A

False, they remain separate.

The cows dorsal spinous processes become fused with age.

44
Q

In what situation does the SI joint of the domestic species show uncharacteristic movement for a fibrous joint?

A

At parturition

45
Q

How does this Sacrotuberous ligament of the dog differ between that of the cow/horse? (Hint - Origin and insertion)

Which species does NOT posess this ligament?

A
  • Dog - a single fibrous band
    • S3 to tuber ischium
  • Cow/ Horse - a fibrous sheet
    • Sacrum to dorsal aspect of ilium/ ischium
  • The cat does not have a sacrotuberous ligament
46
Q

Which hormone acts to soften pelvic ligaments at parturition?

Which ligaments does it affect and how does it alter the internal anatomy?

A
  • Relaxin
  • Ligaments:
    • Sacroiliac joing
    • Broad ligament
    • Pelvic - ST
  • Increases pelvic aperture and decreases pelvic angle
47
Q

Parturition in the cow can predispose which hindlimb nerve to damage?

What route does this nerve take in the leg and which muscles does it innervate?

A
  • Obturator nerve
    • due to oversized calves
    • down cows
  • This nerve passes through the obturator foramen to from the LS plexus and runs along the medial thigh
  • It innervates the adductor muscles (Hint GAPE)
48
Q

Which ligament of the hip is present in the horse but neither the cow nor the dog?

Where does this ligament originate from?

A

The accessory ligament of the femoral head.

The accessory ligament arises from the tendon of insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle and to a lesser extent external abdominal oblique muscle as part of the prepubic tendon and inserts on the fovea.

49
Q

True or false.

The cow has an extra acetabular notch.

A

True

50
Q

Which trochlear ridge of the distal femur is bigger in the cow? Medial or lateral?

A

Medial

51
Q

The superficial gluteal muscle of the cow is fused with which other rump muscle?

What is the resulting structure called?

A

Superficial gluteal + Biceps femoris = Gluteobiceps

52
Q

Which domestic species has a femoropatellar joint set up like this?

In one of the species this set up confirs the ability to lock the patella joint. Identify which this is.

A

Horse and cow

The hose (the cow has no patella locking mechanism)

53
Q

Identify how many bones are present in the tarsus of the major domestic species.

If some bones are fused identify them.

A
  • Dog : 7
  • Pig: 7
  • Ruminant: 6 - The central and 4th tarsal bones are fused.
  • Horse: 6 - Tarsal bones 1 and 2 are fused
54
Q

The straight trochlear of the bovine talus means it is able to do what?

What is this commonly known as?

A

The cow is able to rotate the proximal intertarsal joint.

The ability to do this has lead to the term “cow kicking”

55
Q

Which of the major domestic species has a tib/fib arrangement in which the proximal half of the fibula is fused to the tibia?

A

Horse (remember the distal fibula is also fused to the tib)

56
Q

How does the ruminant tib/fib arrangement work?

A

A proximal fib remnant is fused with the fibula with a distal remnant also existing distally, except this distal portion is joined to the tibia by a ligament

57
Q

Name and outline the arrangement of the tarsus bones of the canine hindlimb.

A
  • Proximal row - Talus and calcaneus
  • Middle row - Central and 4th TB
  • Distal row - TB 1-4
58
Q

Short digital extensor

A

Origin - distal row of tarsal bones and unites

Insertion -Fuses with long digital extensor tendons.

Action - digital extension

Innervation – peroneal nerve

59
Q

Outline the blood supply to the hindlimb.

A

Follows the flexor surface:

External iliac leaves aorta

Becomes: Femoral

Gives off Saphenous A superficial supply to paw

Becomes: Popliteal

Becomes: Cranial tibial – Provides deep supply to paw

Common digital arteries (superficial) and metatarsal arteries (deep)

60
Q
A

NSF (14 decks)

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