Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Name the twelve cranial nerves in order.
Olfactory, Optic, Occulomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
What type of nerve fibres does I Olfactory contain?
Autonomic afferent to the olfactory mucosa and VMO (smell)
What type of nerve fibres does II Optic contain?
Special somatic afferent to the retina (sight)
What type of nerve fibres does III Occulomotor contain? Which structures are innervated?
Somatic efferent. Innervate muscle of the eye (all but lateral rectus and dorsal oblique) and the levator palpebrae superioris (+ pupillary muscles)
What types of structures do Somatic Efferent fibres innervate?
Striated muscle which originates from somites
What types of structures do Special Visceral Efferent fibres innervate?
Striated muscle originating from lateral plate mesoderm
Autonomic efferents innervate which structures?
Glands and smooth muscle
Autonomic afferents innervate which structures?
Endoderm (ie mucosa)
Somatic afferents innervate which structures?
Ectoderm (ie skin)
This cranial nerve supplies the dorsal oblique muscle with which type of fibre?
Trochlear supplies somatic efferent
Name the three main branches of the trigeminal nerve and describe the innervation of their somatic afferent fibres.
Opthalmic - Skin of forehead and upper eyelid
Maxillary - Skin of lower eyelid and upper jaw (+vibrissae), oral cavity.
Mandibular - Lower jaw and oral cavity mucosa
Which cranial nerves contain Special Visceral Efferent fibres?
Trigeminal, facial and glossopharyngeal
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies somatic afferents to the nasal cavity and the turbinates?
Opthalmic (ethmoidal n.)
How is the afferent innervation of the oral cavity divided?
Maxillary V - Palate and upper teach (via superior alveolar)
Mandibular V - Cheek mucosa, tongue and lower teeth (via inferior alveolar)
Which skeletal muscles are supplied by the trigeminal nerve?
Muscles of mastication - digastricus, masseter, temporalis and pterygoids
Which of the extraoccular muscles is supplied with Somatic Efferents by the VI Abducens?
Lateral rectus
Which structures does the VII Facial provide Somatic Afferents to?
Skin of the outer ear
What types of nerve fibre are contained within the V Trigeminal?
Somatic afferent, Special Visceral Efferent.
Which key tactile structures of the head are supplied with somatic afferents via the V Trigeminal?
Vibrissae of the upper and lower jaw.
The VII Facial supplies which salivary glands with AEs? What is special about its supply?
Mandibular, sublingual (also the lacrimal and nasal glands). The Facial supplies fibres via the major petrosal.
Which Autonomic Afferent function is supplied by the VII Facial? What is special about the supply?
Taste to the rostral 2/3rds of tongue, suppied via the chorda tympani which jumps onto the lingual branch of the trigeminal to reach the tongue.
Which muscles are supplied with Special Visceral Efferents via the VII Facial?
Muscles of facial expression - buccal, zygomaticus, platysma, supercilioris
Which type of nerve fibre are contained within the VIII Vestibulocochlear?
Special Somatic Afferent - for hearing and balance.
Which types of nerve fibres are contained within the IX Glossopharyngeal?
Somatic Afferent - inner ear and pharynx
Special Visceral Efferent - Stylopharygeus
Autonomic Afferent - Taste to the Caudal 1/3 of the tongue and pharynx
Autonomic Efferent - Parotid salivary gland
Which type of structures does the XII Hypoglossal supply? Which type of nerve fibres?
Muscles of the tongue (somite origin) so somatic efferent
Extrinsic muscles of the forelimb are supplied with which nerve fibres by the XI Accessory?
Somatic Efferent
Laryngeal and Pharyngeal muscles originate from which embryonic structure? They are therefore supplied with which type of nerve fibres from which cranial nerve?
Originate from lateral plate mesoderm. They are supplied with Special Visceral Efferents from the Vagal-Accessory Complex.
Which cranial nerve supplies the smooth muscle and glands? What type of nerve fibres are provided?
Autonomic Efferents are supplied by the Vagus nerve
