Hindbrain Flashcards
What are the three regions of the brain?
Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
What are some symptoms of brainstem damage?
- Respiratory problems
- Difficulty swallowing
- Slurred speech
- Problems with balance and coordination
- Nausea
- Sleep disturbances
- Confusion
- Loss of consciousness
What structures are included in the forebrain?
- Hypothalamus
- Thalamus
- Basal ganglia
- Amygdala
- Cingulate cortex
- Hippocampus
- Cerebral cortex
What structures make up the hindbrain?
- Medulla
- Pons
- Cerebellum
What is the function of the medulla?
Regulates involuntary mouth and throat movements, respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
What can disrupt the functioning of the medulla?
Brain injury, certain diseases, and drugs (especially opioids).
What is the primary role of the pons?
Connects the two halves of the cerebellum and coordinates movements.
What functions does the pons regulate?
- Respiration
- Deep sleep
- Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Coordinates voluntary movements and maintains posture and balance.
What condition can result from damage to the cerebellum?
Ataxia.
What symptoms are associated with ataxia?
- Lack of muscle control
- Impaired balance and coordination
- Slurred speech
- Nystagmus (jerky eye movements)
- Blurred or double vision
What types of memories is the cerebellum important for processing?
- Procedural memories
- Implicit memories
What non-motor cognitive functions is the cerebellum involved in?
- Attention
- Linguistic processing
- Visuospatial abilities
