Higher Order Cerebral Function

Question 1

What are the 6 layers of the neocortex?

Answer 1

Layer
Main Connections
I Dendrites and axons from other layers
II Cortical – cortical connections
III Cortical – cortical connections
IV Receives inputs from thalamus
V Sends outputs to subcortical structures (other than thalamus)
VI Sends outputs to thalamus

Question 2

What makes up the core Language circuit?

Answer 2

1. Wernickes area
2. Arcuate fasiculus
3. Brocas area

Question 3

ADD MORE Q’s ON SHIT B4 WERNICKES N BROCAS content

Answer 3

do it bro cmon

Question 4

What is aphasia?

Answer 4

A defect in language processing

Question 5

Whats the difference between brocas and wernickes aphasia

Answer 5

Broca’s aphasia is when pt knows what they wan say (intact comprehension) but cannot form the words to say it, only able to speak in .5 word phrases, leading to frustration

Wernicke’s aphasia is when the pt doesn’t understand what other people and themselves are saying (impaired comprehension). They are blissfully unaware of their language difficulties.

Question 6

A lesion to the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) will result in what??

Answer 6

can still feel pain touch temp… but with poor localization

impaired position sense
impaired 2 point discrimination

Question 7

Which hemisphere is the dominant one for language?

Answer 7

Left hemisphere is dominant for language.

Question 8

What is the “highway” connecting wernickes and brocas area?

Answer 8

arcuate fasciculus

Question 9

what brodmann’s area is wernicke’s area??

Answer 9

brodmann’s area 22 = wernickes area

Question 10

what brodmann’s area is Broca’s area??

Answer 10

brodmanns area 44/45 = brocas area

Question 11

Whats the function of wernickes area?

Answer 11

takes in and comprehends auditory input into meaningful words. Wernickes then sends this to Brocas area via the arcuate fasciculus (highway connection)

Question 12

Whats the function of Broca’s area?

Answer 12

takes input from Wernicke’s area and converts neural representation of words + sentences into sound via stimulation of the primary motor cortex

Question 13

dmg to which cerebral artery would affect Broca’s area?

Answer 13

Middle cerebral Artery superior division (MCAs)

Question 14

dmg to which cerebral artery would affect Wernicke’s area?

Answer 14

middle cerebral artery inferior division (MCAi)

Question 15

A MCA superior division infarct would result in what sx’s?

Answer 15

Broca’s aphasia,
dysarthria,
R hemiparesis,
frustration (bc comprehension intact but motor function to speak is not),
apraxia

Question 16

A MCA inferior division infarct would result in what sx’s?

Answer 16

wernickes aphasia
contralateral visual field cut (bc near primary visual cortex),
apraxia

Question 17

What type of aphasia has lesions to both Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?

Answer 17

this is global aphasia

Question 18

What type of aphasia is the result of a lesion to the arcuate fasciculus??

Answer 18

conduction aphasia. Broca’s n wernickes aphasia themselves are intact but the connection btw them is dmg.

Question 19

What type of aphasia is characterized by dmg to the other language areas in frontal temporoparietal, or subcortical structures?
(HINT: brocas+wernickes+arcuate fasciculus are intact here)

Answer 19

Transcortical aphasia…
think bout the name… trans = around, cortical = cortex… the dmg done is around the different language centers in diff cortexes of the brain.

Question 20

stop what ya doin rn n draw out the Classification of language disorders flow chart on slide 42!!

Answer 20

did you do it tho?

Question 21

What is apraxia? how does it differ from aphasia or ataxia?

Answer 21

Apraxia is characterized by having difficulty with motor planning and initiation of movements. Seemingly easy/normal tasks (making cup o coffee) will take longer for those wit apraxia. nearly 1/3 of pts with aphasia will have apraxia

Ataxia is uncoordinated/drunk like movements
aphasia is difficulty speaking

Question 22

NOW MAKE CARDS ON ATTENTION STARTING ON SLIDE 46.