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Neuro Unit 5 > Higher Cortical Functions > Flashcards

Higher Cortical Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Association Fibers

A

Corticocortical fibers connecting ipsilateral hemisphere structures

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2
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Corticocortical fibers connecting contralateral hemisphere structures

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3
Q

Lateral fissure of the Left hemisphere

A

extends farther posterior

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4
Q

Lateral fissure of the Right hemisphere

A

rises more steeply

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5
Q

Planum Temporale is

A

larger on the left side, esp in individuals with “perfect pitch”

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6
Q

Planum Temporal location

A

Superior Temporal gyrus posterior to the primary auditory cortex

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7
Q

Asymmetries between right and left side are

A

present at birth and may indicate genetic importances with regard to LANGUAGE

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8
Q

Male brains are less symmetrical and do not have

A

frontal or occipital poles

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9
Q

Female brains tend to have larger

A

spleniums of corpus callosums

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10
Q

Dominant Hemisphere

A

hemisphere responsible for the comprehension and production of language

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11
Q

Right-handed people mainly have _______ dominant hemispheres

A

LEFT

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12
Q

Left-handed people mainly have ______ dominant hemispheres

A

LEFT

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13
Q

Dominant Hemisphere Functions

A

Language and speech, mathematics, problem solving, and visual sign language

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14
Q

Non-dominant Functions

A

Emotion, artistic ability, simple, spatial relationships, music poetry

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15
Q

Wada Test

A

to determine the dominant hemisphere; if injection of Sodium Amytal is into Carotid of dominant side, patient’s arm opposite to injection will drop and they will stop counting until drug wears off; non-dominant side: counting will resume

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16
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Dominant side for generation of language (area 44-45)

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17
Q

Broca’s Location

A

Opercular and triangular portions of the inferior frontal gyrus

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18
Q

Broca’s Function

A

generation of propositional language - grammar, syntax, semantics

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19
Q

Broca’s projects to

A

primary motor cortex for execution of articulation and phonation of speech

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20
Q

Broca’s receives input from

A

Wernicke’s via superior longitudinal fasciculus

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21
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Dominant side for understanding of propositional speech

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22
Q

Wernicke’s receives input from

A

auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortices

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23
Q

Sensory Speech area

A

Wernicke’s

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24
Q

Wernicke’s location

A

superior and middle temporal gyri, posterior to the primary auditory cortex

25
Q

Speech

A

mechanical aspect of oral communication

26
Q

Hyperphonia

A

increased volume; auditory problems

27
Q

Hypophonia

A

decreased volume; basal ganglia disorders or peripheral nerve problems

28
Q

Rate of speech

A

Normal rate is 100-150 words/minute

29
Q

Broca’s aphasia effect on rate of speech

A

decrease rate

30
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia effect on rate of speech

A

increase rate

31
Q

Dysarthria

A

slurred speech or slowed speech

32
Q

Paraphasic apeech

A

interruption of normal flow of speech with inappropriate words or phrases

33
Q

Prosody

A

the inflection to convey intent of speech (NON-DOMINANT HEMISPHERE)

34
Q

Initiation of speech is controlled by

A

Supplementary motor area (SMA)

35
Q

Dysarthria

A

disturbance in articulation due to loss of motor control over peripheral structures, but language ability is retained

36
Q

Flaccid Dysarthria

A

lesion to brainstem nuclei of peripheral nerve

37
Q

Spastic Dysarthria

A

lesion to corticobulbar region

38
Q

Ataxic Dysarthria

A

cerebellar disease

39
Q

Dysphonia

A

disturbance in vocalization or phonation (loss of voice)

40
Q

Common causes of dysphonia

A

laryngitis, damage to superior laryngeal nerve, pathology to vocal cords, or laryngeal cancer

41
Q

Simple tic

A

inarticulate noises or sounds

42
Q

Complex tics

A

articulate words, phrases, or sentences (Tourette’s)

43
Q

Echolalia complex tics

A

involuntary repetition of the last sound form another person, may be only verbal output

44
Q

Coprolalia

A

involuntary utterance of socially unacceptable words, phrases

45
Q

Stuttering

A

involuntary repetition of the 1st syllable (machine-gun like)

46
Q

Stammering

A

involuntary stutter but followed by prolonged silence

47
Q

Most common stutter

A

developmental

48
Q

Stuttering my be brought on by

A

physical or emotional discomfort

49
Q

Stuttering is thought to be the result of

A

a struggle for cerebral dominance

50
Q

Language

A

cognitive aspect of symbolic communication

51
Q

6 components to language:

A

Expressive Speech, Comprehension, Repetition, Naming, Reading, Writing

52
Q

Expressive Speech is analyzed by

A

spontaneous or conversational speech

53
Q

Comprehension is analyzed by

A

ordinary conversation, simple or complex commands, yes/no questions, pointing to objects

54
Q

Repetition is analyzed by

A

repeating numbers, words, or sentences

55
Q

Naming is analyzed by

A

naming objects

56
Q

Reading assesses

A

reading out loud and comprehension

57
Q

Writing assesses

A

dictation and command (also expressive speech)

58
Q

Aphasia definition

A

language dysfunction caused by neurological disorders

Neuro Unit 5 (6 decks)

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