Cocaine

Question 1

Source of cocaine

Answer 1

coca plant

Question 2

Pure Food and Drugs Act (1906)

Answer 2

pharmaceutical regulation required truth in product labeling

Question 3

Harrison Act (1914)

Answer 3

producers and importers of coca had to register and pay taxes

Question 4

1980’s

Answer 4

cocaine abuse becomes serious problem

Question 5

Production of Cocaine

Answer 5

coca–> cocaine-HCL –> cocaine free base –> crack

Question 6

Cocaine is addictive

Answer 6

physically and psychologically addicting

Question 7

Cocaine-HCl salt

Answer 7

water-soluble, through mucus membranes, (snort, oral, or IV)

Question 8

Crack (free base form)

Answer 8

lipid-soluble, smoked, rapid short-lived effects

Question 9

Metabolism of cocaine mainly by

Answer 9

liver and plasma esterases

Question 10

Half life of HCl-cocaine is about

Answer 10

1 hour

Question 11

Major metabolite is

Answer 11

benzoylecognine

Question 12

Cocaine effects on brain

Answer 12

increased stimulation and euphoria

Question 13

Cocaine stimulation occurs in

Answer 13

reticular activating system

Question 14

Reinforcing effects

Answer 14

on reward centers, POWERFUL REINFORCER, self-administration placed before all other activities

Question 15

Delay in fatigue induced decline in performance

Answer 15

followed by accelerated decline in performance

Question 16

Rebound effects

Answer 16

crashing may lead to cycle of drug use

Question 17

Tolerance and Dependence

Answer 17

Psychological and physical

Question 18

Cocaine Psychosis

Answer 18

similar to paranoid schizophrenia when ind is using at high doses chronically

Question 19

Suppression of appetite

Answer 19

Acts on hypothalamus leads to malnutrition

Question 20

Cocaine activates the __________ nervous system

Answer 20

sympathetic resulting in increased HR and BP, decreased food intake, vasoconstriction

Question 21

Toxicity of cocaine results in

Answer 21

autonomic effects on the CV system (stroke, hypertension, infarcts, death), CNS stimulation (formication, psychosis), teratogenic effects, and impotence

Question 22

Health hazards indirectly from drug usage

Answer 22

infections from IV use, nasal membrane damage, lung damage

Question 23

Physical dependence on cocaine

Answer 23

signs of withdrawal and tolerance

Question 24

Signs of withdrawal

Answer 24

craving drug, drowsiness, depression, irritable, hostile; depending on dosage, duration, and pattern of use

Question 25

Drug dependence as the result of

Answer 25

adaptive changes in specific dopaminergic pathways in limbic areas of the brain

Question 26

Cocaine mechanism

Answer 26

blocks DA reuptake

Question 27

Amphetamine mechanism

Answer 27

stimulates release of DA; acts similar to cocaine

Question 28

Antipsychotic drug mechanism

Answer 28

block dopamine receptors; inhibit effects of cocaine

Question 29

Treatment for cocaine withdrawal using drugs

Answer 29

I-DOPA (increase brain DA), Bromocriptine (stimulate DA receptor), Bupropion (blocks DA reuptake)

Question 30

Nicotine mechanism

Answer 30

causes release of DA in nucleus accumbens