High Yield PTEeXAM Review Part 12 - 14 Flashcards
How does chamber quantifications change when comparing M-Mode to 2D echo?
M mode measures slightly higher LV dimensions as compared to 2D echo for the same LV
The recommended view for RV chamber quantification by TEE is what view?
ME 4 chamber view (RV focused)
The recommended view for measurement of the RVOT by TEE is what view?
ME RV Inflow Outflow
Mitral Valve Area formula for mitral valve when using PHT is what?
MVA = 220 / PHT
What are the mean pressure gradients when evaluating mitral stenosis to determine mild, moderate, and severe?
Mild <5 mmHg
Moderate 5- 10 mmHg
Severe > 10 mmHg
MVA formula for mitral valve when using Deceleration time is what?
MVA = 760 / Deceleration TIme
How would aortic regurgitation affect Mitral Stenosis evaluation using PHT method?
Severe A.I. will lead to an underestimation of Mitral Stenosis using PHT method
Why?
Severe A.I. –> Rapid increase in in LV pressure. rapid increase will decrease your PHT and result in an overestimation of the mitral valve area
How would diastolic dysfunction affect your PHT methods when evaluating for mitral stenosis?
Diastolic Dysfunction would increase LVEDP which would decrease your PHT
You would therefore underestimate your mitral stenosis with diastolic dyfunction
What phase is at the arrow in the photo?
M mode Vp Late atrial contraction
When should left atrial size be measured in relation to the cardiac cycle?
End-Ventricular Systole when it achieves its greatest dimension
When would you want to measure left atrial dimensions?
Quantify and follow response to therapy in diastolic dysfunction
What resolution(s) does the focal point have?
Best Lateral and Elevational Resolution
How will the focal point change when you increase the beam diameter?
Deeper focal point
What are the vena contracta cutoffs for TR grading?
Mild ?
Mod ?
Severe > 7mm
What are the vena contracta cutoffs for MR?
Mild < 3 mm
Mod 3-7 mm
Severe > 7 mm