Congenital Heart Disease Part 6 Flashcards
What is situs solitus?
Situs solitus (rare plural: sitūs soliti) refers to the normal position of the thoracic and abdominal organs.
This will include a left-sided heart, also known as levocardia.
What is situs inversus?
Situs inversus, short form of the Latin “situs inversus viscerum”, is a term used to describe the inverted position of chest and abdominal organs.
It is called situs inversus totalis when there is a total transposition of abdominal and thoracic viscera (mirror image of internal organs normal positioning).
What is situs ambiguous?
Situs ambiguous, heterotaxy, heterotaxia
Situs ambiguus is a rare congenital defect in which the major visceral organs are distributed abnormally within the chest and abdomen.
Heterotaxy in general refers to any defect of left-right laterality and arrangement of the visceral organs.
What are the three positions of the heart in the chest?
- Levocardia (normal)
- Mesocardia
- Dextrocardia
When you are determining Levocardia (normal), Mesocardia, and Dextrocardia what specifically are you looking at?
Apex position of the heart
What is the segment by segment analysis of the heart?
- Atria
- Atrioventricular valves
- Ventricles
- Outflow Tracts (Conus = Infundibulum)
- Semilunar Valves & Great Vessels
What is Tommy Burch recommended sequence of events to identify for complex congenital abnormalities?
- Thoraco-Abdominal situs (Solitus, Inversus, Ambiguous)
- Cardiac Position (Levo, Meso, Dextro)
- Segment by Segment analysis (Atria, AV, Ventricles, Outflow, Great vessels)
For the atrium, what is situs solitus?
Normal RA and LA = Situs Solitus
For the atrium, what is situs inversus?
Mirror image of situs solitus
LA on the Right
RA on the Left
For the atrium, what is situs ambigous?
Could be one, two atrium.
Grab bag of random
What are the characteristics of the Right atrium?
Pecinate Muscles
- Pectinate muscles outside of the right atrial appendage
What are the characteristics of the Right atrium:
Right Atrial Appendage
- RAA is broad based, triangular, and anterior
What are the characteristics of the Right atrium?
Septum?
Septum Secundum (limbus of fossa ovalis)
What are the characteristics of the Right atrium
What is usually present for major vessels and landmarks?
- IVC, SVC, CS usually,
- Crista Terminalis and tinea sagittalis
For the Left atrium, where are the pectinate muscles?
Confined to the left atrial appendage
For the left atrial appendage, what is the description?
Long and narrow (Finger like)
Located more posterior
What septum is a part of the left atrium?
Septum Primum
What structures are located in the LA?
Pulmonary veins
(Exception is Anomalous venous return)
What is seen here?
Complete AV Canal
- Primum ASD
&
- Inlet VSD
What are the types of looping in terms of ventricles?
Which is normal and most common?
D and L loops
D = More common and normal
For D Ventricles
- RV is anterior and Rightwaard
- LV is posterior and leftward