High Yield Exam 1 Flashcards
Afferent
Going into organ
Efferent
Coming out of the organ
How can the body be divided into two different groups with their own innervation systems?
Somatic (body wall) & visceral (gut/organs)
The sensory system that bring information into the nervous system is…
Afferent
The motor system that takes information and sends it out to the muscles is…
Efferent
How many pairs of nerves in the PNS?
cranial nerves (12)
spinal nerves (31) each has posterior rami (back) and anterior rami (thorax, extremities, abdomen)
- 8 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbra
- 5 sacral
- 1 coccygeal
What is the difference between a rami and a spinal root?
There are two roots (posterior and anterior) and they come together and then branch into posterior rami and anterior rami
How is the afferent nervous system organized?
Sensory input
- special senses
- general senses (pain, temperature, pressure, proprioception)
Related to dermatomes
How is the efferent system organized?
Motor Output:
- Voluntary motor - skeletal
- 1 axon from CNS to target site
- Exits CNS through cranial nerves or anterior (ventral) roots of spinal cord
- Then decides anterior or posterior rami based on what part of the body it is working on
- Myotome - motor nerve distribution of a spinal nerve to specific muscles
- Involuntary motor (autonomic)
- 2 axon chain from CNS to target site (ganglion)
- Exits CNS through cranial nerves or anterior roots of spinal cord
- Two subdivisions
- Parasympathetic (cranial-sacral)
- arise form brain stem and sacral region
- Long preganglionic/short post ganglionic
- Sympathetic (thoracic - lumbar) T1-L2
- Arise from thoracic and lumbar region
- Short preganglionic/long postganglionic
- Parasympathetic (cranial-sacral)
Gray vs. white rami?
Sympathetic nervous system is motor so goes out anterior root to become spinal nerve then goes into white ramus and synapses in sympathetic trunk. Next it comes back out as gray ramus and to muscle - to cause sweat or whatever. If location is the back it would have to go through posterior ramus
If lesion spinal nerve before rami branches, what components are lost?
What components are in the lateral pectoral nerve?
Sensory, motor, and preganglionic
Sensory, motor, and postganglionic
Innervation of mammary gland?
Supraclavicular nerve (C3-C4)
Intercostal nerve (T4-T6)
Veterbrae of vessles exit through diaphragm
Aorta (T12)
Esophagus (T10)
Inferior vena cava (T8)
Describe pneumothroax and tension pneumothroax.
A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung. A pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse.
Tension pneumothorax is the progressive build-up of air within the pleural space, usually due to a lung laceration which allows air to escape into the pleural space but not to return. Positive pressure ventilation may exacerbate this ‘one-way-valve’ effect.
Cardiac tamponade and causes
Cardiac tamponade doesn’t necessarily have to be serous fluid – could be any type of liquid limiting the movement of the heart – heart being squeezed from pericardium vs. pneumothorax where being squeezed by pleura
Pericarditis refers to inflammation of the pericardium, two thin layers of a sac-like tissue that surround the heart, hold it in place and help it work.
