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BOARDS > High Yield Anatomy > Flashcards

High Yield Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column

A

Kyphosis

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2
Q

Lateral deviation of vertebral column

A

Scoliosis

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3
Q

Major feature of cervical vertebrae

A

Transverse foramina

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4
Q

Vertebra located at level of iliac crest

A

L4

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5
Q

Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae

A

Ligamentum flavum

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6
Q

Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column

A

Anterior longitudinal

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7
Q

Ligament affected by whiplash injury

A

Anterior longitudinal

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8
Q

Ligament which limits skull rotation

A

Alar

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9
Q

Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area

A

Pedicle

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10
Q

Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area

A

Pars interarticularis, Lamina

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11
Q

Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae

A

Posterior

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12
Q

Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens

A

Transverse ligament of

atlas (part of cruciate)

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13
Q

Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc

A

L4-5

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14
Q

Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc

A

L5

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15
Q

Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6

A

C6

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16
Q

Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation

A

sixth

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17
Q

Vertebral level of lumbar puncture

A

L4

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18
Q

Innervation of suboccipital muscles

A

Suboccipital nerve

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19
Q

Roof of suboccipital triangle

A

Semispinalis capitis,

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20
Q

Floor of suboccipital triangle

A

Posterior arch of atlas;

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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21
Q

Major vessel within suboccipital triangle

A

Vertebral artery

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22
Q

Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2

A

Greater occipital nerve

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23
Q

Inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac

A

SV2

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24
Q

Inferior extent of spinal cord

A

LV2

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25
Q

Location of internal vertebral plexus

A

Epidural space

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26
Q

Most frequently fractured bone of body

A

Clavicle

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27
Q

Most frequently dislocated carpal bone

A

Lunate

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28
Q

Most frequently fracture carpal bone

A

Scaphoid

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29
Q

Name of fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” appearance

A

Colle’s fracture

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30
Q

Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus

A

Axillary

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31
Q

Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle

A

Ulnar

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32
Q

Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus

A

Radial

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33
Q

Nerve injured in wrist drop

A

Radial

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34
Q

Muscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint

A

Deltoid

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35
Q

Muscles innervated by axillary nerve

A

Deltoid and teres minor

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36
Q

Muscle that initiates abduction of arm

A

Supraspinatus

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37
Q

Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus

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38
Q

Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm

A

Trapezius and serratus

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39
Q

Tendon that courses through shoulder joint

A

Long head of biceps

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40
Q

Chief supinator muscle of hand

A

Biceps brachii

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41
Q

Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula

A

Long thoracic nerve

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42
Q

Spinal levels of axillary nerve

A

C5 and C6

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43
Q

Spinal levels to muscles of the hand

A

C8 and T1

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44
Q

Dermatome of thumb

A

C6

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45
Q

Nerve to thenar compartment

A

Recurrent branch of median

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46
Q

Innervation of adductor pollicis

A

Ulnar (deep branch)

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47
Q

Innervation to all interosseous muscles

A

Ulnar (deep branch)

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48
Q

Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus

A

Shoulder

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49
Q

Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus

A

Intrinsic hand muscles

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50
Q

Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Median

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51
Q

Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Ulnar

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52
Q

Paralysis of which muscles results in total “claw” hand

A

Lumbricals

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53
Q

Boundaries of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament, sartorius and adductor longus

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54
Q

Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath

A

Femoral nerve

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55
Q

Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath

A

Femoral vein

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56
Q

Contents of femoral canal

A

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

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57
Q

Medial boundary of femoral ring

A

Lacunar ligament

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58
Q

Structures that course throughout entire length of adductor canal

A

Saphenous nerve, nerve

to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels

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59
Q

Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa

A

Popliteus

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60
Q

Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint

A

Iliopsoas

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61
Q

Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking

A

Gluteus medius

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62
Q

Muscle that extends leg

A

Quadriceps femoris

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63
Q

Muscle that unlocks knee joint

A

Popliteus

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64
Q

Muscle affected with “foot slap”

A

Tibialis anterior

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65
Q

Chief invertors of foot

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior

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66
Q

Chief evertors of foot

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

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67
Q

Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia

A

Anterior cruciate

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68
Q

Ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver

A

Medial collateral

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69
Q

Most commonly injured ankle ligament

A

Anterior talofibular

“Always Tears First”

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70
Q

Ligament stretched with “flat foot”

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)

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71
Q

Joints for movements of inversion and eversion

A

Subtalar and transverse tarsal

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72
Q

Major artery to head of femur in adult

A

Medial femoral circumflex

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73
Q

Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula

A

Common fibular

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74
Q

Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal

A

Fibularis brevis

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75
Q

Innervation of adductor magnus

A

Obturator, tibial portion of Sciatic

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76
Q

Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

Tibial

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77
Q

Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot

A

Saphenous (L4)

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78
Q

Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot

A

Sural (S1)

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79
Q

Cutaneous innervation of heel

A

Tibial

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80
Q

Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2

A

Deep fibular

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81
Q

Cutaneous innervation of most of dorsum of foot

A

Superficial fibular

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82
Q

Major dermatome to big toe

A

L4

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83
Q

Dermatome to small toe

A

S1

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84
Q

Spinal level of patellar reflex

A

L4

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85
Q

Spinal level of Achilles reflex

A

S1

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86
Q

Locking of knee when walking suggests

A

Meniscus injury

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87
Q

Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee

A

Medial collateral, medial

meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament

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88
Q

Dermatome around nipple

A

T4

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89
Q

Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula

A

TV7

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90
Q

Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium

A

Thymus

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91
Q

Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly

A

2nd

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92
Q

Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung

A

4th

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93
Q

Inferior extent of lung at midclavicular line

A

6th rib

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94
Q

Inferior extent of pleura at midclavicular line

A

8th rib

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95
Q

Inferior extent of lung at midaxillary line

A

8th rib

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96
Q

Inferior extent of pleura at midaxillary line

A

10th rib

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97
Q

Inferior extent of lung posteriorly

A

10th rib

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98
Q

Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly

A

12th rib

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99
Q

Innervation of costal pleura

A

Intercostal nerve

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100
Q

Innervation of mediastinal pleura

A

Phrenic nerve

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101
Q

Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve

A

Left 2nd interspace

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102
Q

Site for auscultation of aortic valve

A

Right 2nd interspace

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103
Q

Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve

A

Xiphisternal joint

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104
Q

Site for auscultation of mitral valve

A

Left 5th interspace, midclavicular line

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105
Q

Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection

A

Right ventricle

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106
Q

Chamber that forms apex of heart

A

Left ventricle

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107
Q

major chamber that forms base of heart

A

Left atrium

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108
Q

Heart chamber that contains moderator band

A

Right ventricle

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109
Q

Artery that determines coronary dominance

A

Posterior interventricular

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110
Q

Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries

A

Right coronary artery

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111
Q

Location of SA node

A

Cristae terminalis

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112
Q

Major vessel that drains the musculature of the heart

A

Coronary sinus

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113
Q

Innervation of fibrous pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve

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114
Q

Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur

A

Aortic stenosis

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115
Q

Rib associated with sternal angle

A

Second rib

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116
Q

Vertebral level associated with sternal angle

A

Disc between TV4-5

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117
Q

Location of ductus arteriosus

A

Between left pulmonary artery and aorta

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118
Q

Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus arteriosus

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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119
Q

Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic

A

Subclavian and internal Jugular

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120
Q

Veins that unite to form superior vena cava

A

Right and left Brachiocephalic

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121
Q

Termination of azygos vein

A

Superior vena cava

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122
Q

Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct

A

Azygos veins, aorta

123
Q

Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve

A

T5-9

124
Q

Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve

A

T10-11

125
Q

Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve

A

T12

126
Q

Thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus

A

Left bronchus, aorta and Diaphragm

127
Q

Disease often associated with thymoma

A

Myasthenia gravis

128
Q

Remnant of umbilical vein

A

Round ligament of liver

129
Q

Dermatome to umbilical area

A

T10

130
Q

Dermatome to suprapubic area

A

L1

131
Q

Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery

A

T12

132
Q

Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA

A

L1

133
Q

Vertebral level associated with origin renal arteries

A

L2

134
Q

Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries

A

L2

135
Q

Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA

A

L3

136
Q

Vertebral level of umbilicus

A

Disc L3-4

137
Q

Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation

A

L5

138
Q

Vertebral level for formation of IVC

A

L5

139
Q

Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall

A

T7-L1

140
Q

Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique

141
Q

Structure that forms deep inguinal ring

A

Trasnversalis fasica

142
Q

Structure that form floor of inguinal canal

A

Inguinal ligament

143
Q

Bony attachments of inguinal ligament

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

144
Q

Structures that form conjoint tendon

A

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

145
Q

Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia

A

External oblique

146
Q

Abdominal continuous with cremasteric fascia

A

Internal oblique

147
Q

Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia

A

Transversalis fascia

148
Q

Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect hernias

A

Inferior epigastric artery

149
Q

Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring

A

Indirect inguinal

150
Q

Most common type of hernia

A

Indirect inguinal

151
Q

Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia

A

Right

152
Q

Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach’s triangle

A

Direct inguinal

153
Q

Boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle

A

Inguinal ligament, rectus

abdominis, inferior epigastric artery and vein

154
Q

Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings

A

Indirect inguinal

155
Q

Fluid in processus vaginalis

A

Hydrocele

156
Q

Communication between greater and lesser sacs

A

Epiploic foramen

157
Q

Superior border of epiploic foramen

A

Caudate lobe of liver

158
Q

Inferior border of epiploic foramen

A

Part one of duodenum

159
Q

Posteiror border of epiploic foramen

A

IVC

160
Q

Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

A

Hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum)

161
Q

Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid in left paracolic gutter

A

Phrenicocolic ligament

162
Q

Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid within infracolic compartment

A

Root of mesentary

163
Q

Superior extent of right paracolic gutter

A

Hepatorenal recess

164
Q

Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity

A

Rectouterine pouch

165
Q

Structures supplied by celiac artery

A

Stomach, duodenum, liver,

spleen, gallbladder, pancreas

166
Q

Branches of celiac artery

A

Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic

167
Q

Blood supply to stomach

A

Right and left

gastroepiploics, right, left and short gastric

168
Q

Major structures of bed of stomach

A

Pancreas, spleen, left

kidney and suprarenal gland, diaphragm

169
Q

Ducts that join to form common bile duct

A

Cystic and common Hepatic

170
Q

Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver

A

Falciform ligament

171
Q

Origin of cystic artery

A

Right hepatic artery

172
Q

Ribs directly related to spleen

A

Ribs 9-11

173
Q

Organs related to spleen

A

Stomach, colon, left kidney, tail of pancreas

174
Q

Artery to small intestine

A

SMA

175
Q

Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA

A

Duodenum, pancreas

176
Q

Organs supplied by both SMA and IMA

A

Transverse colon

177
Q

Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas

A

IVC

178
Q

Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas

A

Portal vein

179
Q

Veins that unite to form portal vein

A

Splenic and SMV

180
Q

Clinically importatnt organs for portacaval anastomoses

A

Esophagus, rectum, liver

181
Q

Two structures that lies posterior to SMA near its origin

A

Left renal vein, duodenum

182
Q

Three distinguishing features of the large intestine

A

Tenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendages

183
Q

Termination of left gonadal vein

A

Left renal vein

184
Q

Termination of right gonadal vein

A

Inferior vena cava

185
Q

Location of initial pain of appendicitis

A

Umbilical region

186
Q

Motor innervation of diaphragm

A

Phrenic

187
Q

Sensory innervation of diaphragm

A

Phrenic + intercostal

188
Q

Spinal levels of phrenic nerve

A

C3-5

189
Q

Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm

A

T8

190
Q

Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm

A

T10

191
Q

Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus

A

Vagal trunks

192
Q

Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm

A

T12

193
Q

Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta

A

Thoracic duct

194
Q

Structure that traverses diaphragm through crura

A

Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves

195
Q

Structure that separates pelvis and perineum

A

Pelvic diaphragm

196
Q

Two major components of pelvic diaphragm

A

Levator ani + coccygeus

197
Q

Two major components of levator ani

A

Pubococcygeus and

Iliococcygeus

198
Q

Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall

A

Obturator internus and Piriformis

199
Q

Means by which obturator internus exits pelvis

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

200
Q

Means by which piriformis exits pelvis

A

Greater sciatic foramen

201
Q

Innervation of detrusor

A

Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4)

202
Q

Remnants of umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

203
Q

Chief artery to rectal mucosa

A

Superior rectal

204
Q

Most common type of pelvic inlet in females

A

Gynecoid

205
Q

Two remnants of gubernaculum in females

A

Ovarian and round ligament

206
Q

Ligament that contains ovarian vessels

A

Suspensory ligament of ovary

207
Q

Lymph nodes for ovary and testes

A

Lumbar

208
Q

Normal position of uterus

A

Anterverted, anteflexed

209
Q

Chief uterine support

A

Pubococcygeus

210
Q

Ligament that contains uterine vessels

A

Lateral cervical

211
Q

Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy

A

Ureter

212
Q

Relation of ureter to uterine artery

A

Inferior and posterior

213
Q

Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces

A

Perineal membrane

214
Q

Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles

A

Ischial tuberosities

215
Q

Lateral wall of ischioanal fossa

A

Fascia of obturator Internus

216
Q

Structure that forms the pudendal canal

A

Fascia of obturator Internus

217
Q

Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids

A

Pectinate line

218
Q

Lymph nodes for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal

A

Internal iliac, IM

219
Q

Lymph nodes for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal

A

Superficial inguinal

220
Q

Major structure of deep perineal space

A

Sphincter urethrae

221
Q

Lymph nodes for glans penis

A

Deep inguinal

222
Q

Muscle which compresses the bulb of penis

A

Bulbospongiosus

223
Q

Muscle which compresses the crus of penis

A

Ischiocavernosus

224
Q

Muscles which meet at the perineal body

A

Superficial and deep

perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, pubococcygeus

225
Q

Vertebral level of hyoid bone

A

CV3

226
Q

Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage

A

CV4,5

227
Q

Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage

A

CV6

228
Q

Muscles that are innervated by CN XI

A

Trapezius, SCM

229
Q

Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene

A

Brachial plexus, subclavian artery

230
Q

Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid

A

Ansa cervicalis

231
Q

Innervation of digastric

A

Anterior belly = CN V

Posterior belly = CN VII

232
Q

Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body

A

CN IX, CN X

233
Q

Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor

A

Auditory tube, levator veli Palatini

234
Q

Nerves of pharyngeal plexus

A

CN IX, CN X, Sympathetics

235
Q

Only muscle innervated by CN IX

A

Stylopharyngeus

236
Q

Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane

A

Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery

237
Q

Only muscle to abduct vocal cords

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

238
Q

Innervation of cricothyroid

A

External laryngeal nerve

239
Q

Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid

A

Recurrent laryngeal

240
Q

Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords

A

Cricothyroid

241
Q

Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords

A

Internal laryngeal

242
Q

Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords

A

Recurrent laryngeal

243
Q

Site of aspirated lodged fishbone

A

Piriform recess

244
Q

Afferent – efferent limbs of gag reflex

A

CN IX – CN X

245
Q

Afferent – efferent limbs of cough reflex

A

CN X – CN X

246
Q

Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery

A

Recurrent laryngeal

247
Q

Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII and VIII

248
Q

Foramen where CN VII exits skull

A

Stylomastoid foramen

249
Q

Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura

A

Middle meningeal

250
Q

Major cutaneous nerve of face

A

CN V

251
Q

Major artery to internal structures of head

A

Maxillary

252
Q

Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head

A

T1 – 2

253
Q

Autonomic ganglia for CN III

A

Ciliary

254
Q

Sensory ganglia for CN VII

A

Geniculate

255
Q

Autonomic ganglia for CN VII

A

PPG and submandibular

256
Q

Autonomic ganglia for CN IX

A

Otic

257
Q

Muscle attached to disc of TMJ

A

Lateral pterygoid

258
Q

Muscle that retracts mandible

A

Temporalis

259
Q

Major nerve to TMJ (pain)

A

Auriculotemporal

260
Q

Specific nerves that elicit secretion from the parotid gland

A

Tympanic branch of CN IX and lesser petrosal

261
Q

Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid

A

Auriculotemporal

262
Q

Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity

A

Posterior ethmoid sinus

263
Q

Structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity

A

Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid

264
Q

Structures that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal duct

265
Q

Major artery to nasal cavity

A

Sphenopalatine

266
Q

Most common site of nose bleed

A

Kiesselbach’s plexus

267
Q

Innervation of levator veli palatini

A

CN X

268
Q

Muscle that opens auditory tube

A

Tensor veli palatini

269
Q

Innervation of tensor veli palatini

A

CN V3

270
Q

Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Chorda tympani

271
Q

Site of cell bodies for nerve that carries taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Geniculate ganglion

272
Q

Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland

A

Chorda tympani

273
Q

Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetic to submandibular

A

Lingual

274
Q

Nerve injured when tonsilar pillars sag and uvula deviates

A

CN X

275
Q

Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy

A

CN IX

276
Q

Muscle that protrudes tongue

A

Genioglossus

277
Q

Nerve injured when deviation of protruded tongue

A

Ipsilateral CN XII

278
Q

Specific nerve that stimulates tear production

A

Greater petrosal CN VII

279
Q

Sensory nerve to cornea

A

CN V1 (nasociliary)

280
Q

Muscle that elevates and abducts eye

A

Inferior oblique

281
Q

Muscle that depresses and abducts eye

A

Superior oblique

282
Q

Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil

A

Lateral horn, T1 - 2

283
Q

Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil

A

Superior cervical ganglion

284
Q

Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil

A

Edinger-Westphal

285
Q

Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil

A

Ciliary ganglion

286
Q

Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane

A

Auriculotemporal, CN X

287
Q

Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane

A

CN IX

288
Q

Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta

A

TV4-5

289
Q

Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta

A

TV4-5

290
Q

Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs

A

Bronchodilation, Vasoconstriction

291
Q

Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs

A

Bronchoconstriction, Vasodilation

292
Q

Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary bronchus

A

Wider diameter, shorter and more vertical

293
Q

Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping

A

Superior to 12th rib, posteriorly

294
Q

Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk

A

conus arteriosum or infundibulum

295
Q

Name given to orientation where uterus and vagina intersect at angle of 90 degrees

A

Anteversion

296
Q

Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix intersect at angle of 10-15 degrees

A

Anteflexion

297
Q

Ridge located between sinus venarum and right ventricle

A

Cristae terminalis

298
Q

Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy

A

Both left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves

299
Q

Specific muscle that holds patella in place

A

Vastus medialis

300
Q

First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral nerve

A

Vastus medialis

301
Q

Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury

A

Vastus medialis

302
Q

Innervation to nail bed of middle finger

A

Median nerve

303
Q

Innervation to nail bed of ring finger

A

Ulnar and median

304
Q

Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4

A

L4

BOARDS (21 decks)

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