High Medieval to Early Moderna

Question 1

Peasants’ Crusade

Answer 1

crusade not led by nobles/king / 30,000 peasants to disaster in Asia Minor

Question 2

Ferdinand V and Isabella I

Answer 2

Spanish “Catholic monarchs” who contribute to much of European exploration / first monarchs referred to as the king and queen of Spain

Question 3

Third Crusade

Answer 3

attempt to retake Jerusalem from Saladin / ultimately a failure / “King’s Crusade” / attempted by 3 kings

Question 4

Saladin

Answer 4

strong, charismatic Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem

Question 5

Western Schism

Answer 5

a time when 3 popes had been elected causing people the question the legitimacy of the popes / created major religious and political rifts

Question 6

Gregory XI

Answer 6

moves papacy back to Rome / the last pope of French nationality

Question 7

Serfs

Answer 7

Medieval servants attached to the land

Question 8

Sultanate of Delhi

Answer 8

the permanent rule the Turks established in India

Question 9

Ming

Answer 9

(tenth dynasty) - overthrows Mongol rule in China / establishes absolute monarchy / finalizes Great Wall of China / creates largest standing army / leads China into early modern period

Question 10

Richard I

Answer 10

“The Lionheart” / worked with French ruler (Philip II Augustus) at Third Crusade, but failed and resorted to peace

Question 11

Khan

Answer 11

strong warlord / great ruler

Question 12

Philip IV

Answer 12

the “Fair” / French king who resented papal overreach

Question 13

Feudalism

Answer 13

a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for labor

Question 14

Shamanism

Answer 14

Turkish religious practices that revolve around special priests: shamans - possess supposed magical powers, emphasize ritual, divination, healing to engage w/ natural spiritual world

Question 15

Clement V

Answer 15

French pope who moved the papacy to Avignon, France / one of the three popes during the Western Schism

Question 16

Golden Horde

Answer 16

a Mongol Khanate ruled by Batu Khan in present day Russia

Question 17

Khanates

Answer 17

tribal chiefdoms ruled by a khan

Question 18

Incas

Answer 18

mighty empire of South America with skilled builders / unify rule over Andes

Question 19

Boniface VIII

Answer 19

ambitious pope who issued Unam Sanctumm (pope must be obeyed in all matters - even by kings and refusal would result in eternal damnation)

Question 20

Silk Road

Answer 20

largest, most lucrative land-based trade network in world connecting east to west

Question 21

Crusader kingdoms

Answer 21

four feudal kingdoms established in Jerusalem after the first crusade - Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, Jerusalem

Question 22

Fealty

Answer 22

a feudal tenant’s sworn loyalty to a lord

Question 23

Antipope

Answer 23

pope elected in opposition to another, unfavored pope

Question 24

Aztecs

Answer 24

might empire of Mesoamerica with skilled warriors

Question 25

Vassalage

Answer 25

submission to political power / becoming a vassal

Question 26

Khubilai Khan

Answer 26

Genghis Khan’s grandson / establishes Yuan Dynasty / successfully expands into SE Asia but fails to conquer

Question 27

Petrarch

Answer 27

leading intellectual and founder of Italian Renaissance who renewed Humanism who favored critical thinking over doctrine and faith

Question 28

Flagellants

Answer 28

fanatics who whipped and mutilated themselves to share Christ’s pain during the Black Death to try and please God

Question 29

Tudors

Answer 29

dynasty started by Henry Tudor / guided England into early modern era / includes Henry VIII and Elizabeth I

Question 30

Martin Luther

Answer 30

German Friar who desired change and reform in the Catholic church due to the corruption / published “Ninety-five Theses” and was excommunicated, leading to the Protestant Reformation