Early Medieval to High Medieval Flashcards
Hijra
the migration of Muhammad and his follows to Medina / “departure”
Sunnis
one of the two major sects of Islam - believe elected caliphs are legitimate heirs (majority)
Zakat
(3/5 pillars of Islam) - giving 2.5% of one’s savings to poor
Domesday Book
survey of all English land for taxation
Beowulf
most famous example of hero saga / trials of great warrior vs great beasts / oral tradition until copied into Old English
Carolingians
leading aristocratic Frankish family that dominate the major of the Palace office / “genesis of feudalism” / Charlemagne’s dynasty
Hadith
massive collection of reports and traditions compiled over many centuries of the Prophet Muhammad / emphasizes social justice and community
Allah
the God of Islam
Theodora
Byzantine empress who ends iconoclasm to heal realm / favor preservation of icons / reconized rights of women
The Song of Roland
a celebration of epic deeds, bravery in battle, self sacrifice (the warriors of Charlemagne who sacrificed themselves), reflecting the fight of Islam vs Christianity
Catharism
heretical movement in which they reject church authority and Trinity
Major of the Palace
Frankish official that wields enormous power and influence - manages Frankish court
Salat
(2/5 pillars of Islam) / ritual prayer 5x a day
Danelaw
region of England under viking control / the legal system they imposed - fair and flexible
Excommunication
blocks path to salvation / messes with legitimacy
Shias
one of the two major sects of isalm - believe descendants of Ali are rightful heirs to Muhammad (minority)
Asgard
viking heaven - divided into 12 realms
Otto the Great
HRE - elected king of Eastern Frankish Kingdom w/ 3 goals: dominate nobility, defeat pagan Hungarian Magyars, expand territory in Italy
Henry II
KIING - Henry I’s grandson / controls most of France through wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine / founder of English Common Law
Capetian Dynasty
started with Hugh Capet / laid foundation for French nation-state
Odin
viking God / most powerful leader of Gods and mankind - warfare, justice, death, poetry (father god)
Monastery of Lindisfarne
an important center for early Christianity Anglo-Saxon England / it’s attack marked the beginning of the Viking Age
Merovingians
(dynasty) first to rule Frankish territories - they divided inheritance amongst male heirs / divide land and titles to nobles resulting in the creation of subkingdoms, dukedoms, counties
Concordat of Worms
only pope can appoint clergy
Hugh Capet
elect new king from minor house as compromise / secures hereditary succession –> Capetian Dynasty / first king of France
Clovis
great warrior and ambitious statesman - unrivaled power via diplomacy, murder, war / establishes capital of PARIS
Iconoclasm
destruction of icons to regain Gods favor / enacted by Leo III who believed icons angered God
Louis the Pious
son of Charlemagne / formalized Carolingian relations with the pope / implemented important religious and cultural reforms
Henry IV
emperor originally crowned at age 6 and manipulated by nobles / pope - later regains power as adult and forbids lay investiture resulting in his excommunication, begs for forgiveness, then forces Pope Gregory VII into exile
Henry I
son of William the Conquerer / clever and well-educated / finalizes Normal conquest of Wales / established Exchequer (dept. of finance and royal treasury)
