Hi Rise Office Buildings Flashcards
What is an access stair?
Glossary:
A stairway, usually open, serving a number of floors of a common tenant. Also known as convenience stairs.
When does a Hi-Rise need a Building evacuation supervisor?
Glossary:
When the fire safety director is not present in a class “E” office building occupied by less than 100 people above or below the street floor or by
less than 500 people in the entire building, an employee trained by the fire safety director will staff the fire command station and execute the
fire safety plan.
What is a Plenum?
Glossary:
An air compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected and which form a part of an air distribution system. In high rise buildings, the space between the suspended ceiling and the under side of the floor above is used as a plenum for the collection of the return air.
Where is the forward staging area established?
Glossary:
An area established on a floor below the Fire Sector/Branch to provide logistical support to the Fire Sector/Branch.
2.2 Characteristic of CLASS “E” HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS BUILT BEFORE 1945:
- 2.1 The construction techniques used in these buildings resulted in a “heavy-weight” building, usually weighing about 20 to 23 pounds per cubic foot.
- 2.3 Structural steel components were encased in concrete.
- 2.4 Exterior walls were of masonry construction.
- 2.5 Exterior walls were substantially tied to all floors.
- 2.6 Plenum type ceilings are generally not found in these buildings.
- 2.7 Normally steam heated.
- 2.8 Usually not centrally air conditioned.
- 2.9 Exterior windows were openable.
- 2.10 All buildings erected between 1938 and 1968 were required to have a fire tower. Some built prior to 1938 have fire towers.
- 2.11 Floors were constructed of reinforced concrete.
- 2.12 Core construction techniques were not used.
2.3 Characteristic of CLASS “E” HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS BUILT BETWEEN 1945 AND 1968:
2.3.1 The construction techniques used resulted in a “medium-weight” building, usually weighing between 10 and 20 pounds per cubic foot.
2.3.2 Fire towers were required in all of these buildings.
2.3.3 The characteristics of these buildings are a mix of the pre 1945 buildings and the post 1968 buildings. These buildings were required to conform to the 1938 Building Code but because of the numerous variances granted, they used many of
the construction techniques of the post 1968 buildings.
2.4 Characteristics of CLASS “E” HIGH-RISE OFFICE BUILDINGS BUILT AFTER 1968:
2.4.1 The construction techniques used in these buildings resulted in a “lightweight” building, usually weighing about 8 to 10 pounds per cubic foot.
2.4.2 They were constructed with a lack of compartmentation.
2.4.3 The protection of the structural steel component is usually done by spraying on a
fireproofing material.
2.4.4 Exterior walls are curtain walls constructed of a combination of glass and metal.
2.4.5 The method of securing exterior curtain walls leaves a space of 6 to 12 inches which requires additional fire stopping.
2.4.6 The ceiling plenums of these buildings are extensive and lack fire stopping. They are used to return the air to the air-conditioning system and for electrical, communications and other building support equipment.
2.4.7 They are usually heated by the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system (HVAC).
2.4.8 HVAC systems are usually multi-floor systems.
2.4.9 Exterior windows are usually not openable.
2.4.10 Fire towers are not required.
2.4.11 Floors are light in weight usually consisting of lightweight concrete, “Q decking,”etc.
2.4.12 Core construction techniques are used extensively.
Before any action can be taken with the HVAC System what needs do be determined?
3.3.2 Before any further action can be taken with the HVAC system, the fire floor must be accurately determined.
How do we place the HVAC systems into non-circulating mode?
3.3.3 All the HVAC systems shall be placed in the non-circulating mode by:
A. Opening all outside air supply dampers.
B. Closing all mixing dampers.
C. Opening all exhaust dampers.
After the fire floor has been determined all HVAC zones that do not include the fire area should be put into which mode and why?
3.3.4 After the fire floor has been adequately determined, all HVAC zones that do not
include the fire area shall have their supply fans activated. This will supply fresh outside air to these zones, pressurizing these zones and limiting the spread of smoke. It will also supply fresh outside air to any occupants on the floors in these zones.
Approximately how many degrees over normal operating temperatures will the fusible link close the fire dampers?
How do we reopen these dampers?
3.4.1 Fusible links should have a temperature rating approximately 50º F above the maximum
temperature that would normally be encountered with the system in operation or shut down.
A. Once a fire damper has closed it must be manually opened before air can pass though the opening it is protecting.
Any smoke or heat detection installed in the HVAC system when activated will cause what to happen?
3.4.2
A. Activation of any of the detectors installed in an HVAC system shall stop the air supply into and the air return from the affected floor. The air supply and the air return are stopped by the activation of an approved remote controlled reversible fire shutter or by automatically shutting down the air supply fans and the air return fans serving the floor where
activated.
B. The fans cannot be reactivated until the smoke detector has been cleared or the smoke detector relay has been electrically bypassed. This can be
difficult and time consuming.
Temperature variations that occur in the periphery of the building, due to weather changes and movement of the sun, require supplementary treatment of the air. Flexible connectors are used between the ducts and the periphery air treatment equipment on the floor above. What can happen when these flexible connections fail during fire conditions?
- 3.C
- Fire experience has shown that fire entering the plenum can extend from one floor to another when these flexible connectors fail.
The 1968 Building code requires a manual fire pump to supplement the standpipe system in buildings over 300 feet high. The 1938 Building
Code requires a manual fire pump in buildings over 250 high. Who is primarily responsible of starting these pumps?
4.4.1 D
It always has been the responsibility of building engineers to start the building fire pumps and this section does not releases them from this
assignment. In the past, however, some engineers have been assigned to other duties when a fire starts. There is also the possibility that the
building engineer might not be on duty at the time of the fire.
When we locate the pump room what is the 1st thing we need locate and check before operating the pump?
The bypass valve.
A. Follow signs or directions to the pump room which is normally located on the lowest floor (cellar or sub-cellar).
B. Locate the pump and note the gauges on inlet and discharge lines.
C. Locate the bypass valve on the discharge side of the fire pump.
The discharge side can be readily identified by examining the gauges. The discharge gauge is calibrated for higher pressures than the inlet gauge.
D. The bypass valve should be in the closed position (stem in). Some engineers keep them open for test purposes, so they must be checked by
the ECC assigned to operate the pumps. If they are found to be open, they should be closed by turning in a clockwise direction.
E. Some systems are quite complex and the bypass valve is not readily discernible. If such a situation is present, it is permissible to start pump as ordered without checking bypass valve. Notify the engineer upon his/her arrival of this and any other actions taken.
The efficiency of the pump will be affected if the bypass is open. How much of a % loss should be expected in a:
8” riser?
6” riser
A loss of 25% can be expected in an 8” riser and a loss of 45% can be expected in a 6” riser with the bypass open.
What is the four step procedure for starting of fire pumps using the control panel?
4.1.4 OPERATION
A. Close knife switch to on position.
B. Close circuit breaker(s) & power “on” light will glow
C. Push starting button & pump “on” light will glow.
D. Move selector lever (4) to desired position increasing pump speed and thereby increasing pressure.
4.1.5 The fire pumps should now be operating. If they have failed to start, the emergency power lever located at the panel shall be used. Push or pull to “on” position.
What are the additional duties of the member assigned the pump room?
4.1.6 Additional duties of the member assigned will include:
A. Contact be maintained with fire command station, via
1. Handie-talkies (or)
2. Fire Command station phone located in pump room.
B. Checking of the pressure gauge on the discharge side of the fire pump located near the riser. This is to ensure that the pressures called for are being maintained. The building management is encouraged to provide pump pressure chart. The chart they supply should be located at the control panel and may vary slightly depending upon efficiency of the pump.
Since most pumps are connected in __________ fashion it is necessary to have both pumps operate
____ or ______ the _____ pressures?
4.1.8 G
Since fire pumps are connected in parallel position, it is necessary to have both pumps operating at or near the same pressures. Should one manual
pump be operated at a pressure far in excess of the other, it could partially overcome the check valve making the second pump less efficient. A visual check should be made of the discharge gauges of both pumps. When both are operating correctly, the pressures should be equal or nearly so.
It is a good rule of thumb to have a separate engine supply the STDP system for?
4.2.5
The high pressures required to supply water to the upper floors of a high-rise building limit the amount of water that a Fire Department engine can supply.
A good “rule of thumb” is to have a separate engine supply the standpipe system for each handline in operation.
When do we give a 10-76 at a Hi Rise Office Bldg.?
When do we give a 2nd alarm at a Hi Rise Office Bldg.?
5.2.2
A. A 10-76 signal shall be transmitted when a report of fire is confirmed. Any fire in a high-rise office building which requires the stretching and operating of one hoseline will necessitate the use of “All Hands.”
B. A second alarm is warranted for any visible fire or smoke emanating through the exterior skin of the building or when a serious fire has been verified.
What are the assignments of the 1st 5 Engine Companies at a 10-76?
- The first and second arriving engine companies shall be teamed to stretch and operate the first line.
- The third and fourth arriving engine companies shall be used to stretch and operate the second line.
- The CFR engine company, with all CFR-D equipment and forcible entry tools, shall be assigned to the Fire Sector Supervisor/Branch Director.
What are the assignments of the 1st 5 Ladder Companies at a 10-76?
- The first arriving ladder company shall be assigned to search and evacuate the fire floor.
- The second arriving ladder company shall be assigned to augment the search and evacuation of the fire floor.
- The third arriving ladder company shall be assigned to search and evacuate the floor above the fire.
- The fourth arriving ladder company shall be assigned similarly, to operate on the upper floors and to initiate the search of the attack stairway.
- The FAST unit shall be assigned to the Fire Sector Supervisor/Branch Director.
When does the attack stairway get searched for occupants during a Hi Rise fire?
- 4.1 C
- The Fire Sector (fire floor and the floor above) are initially all that are required to be evacuated. However, occupants of many other floors may self-initiate evacuation, utilizing any or all stairways until instructed otherwise. This mandates that all stairways are searched, especially the attack stairway before and during fire operations.
What is the preferred stairway to be used for evacuation if available?
5.4.1 C 2.
A stairway shall be selected for evacuation of building occupants (evacuation stairway) preferably a fire tower if available.
What items need to be considered in making the decision of where to place the 2nd Line at a Hi Rise Office Bldg.?
5.4.2
A. Information received from operating units.
B. Number of stairways available to the fire area.
C. Type of construction:
1. Center-core construction.
2. Side-core construction.
3. Non-core construction.
D. Location of the stairway with regard to the core.
E. Has the first line been stretched to the most advantageous position for attacking fire.
F. Has search and evacuation of the fire floor been completed.
The Placement of the 2nd Line at a Hi Rise Office Fire may be used to? 4 answers
5.4.3
A. Reinforce the position of the first line.
B. Protect the position of the first line.
C. Protect the search and evacuation of the fire floor.
D. Contain and confine fire spread and/or prevent fire from wrapping around the core and endangering operation of the first line.
Any set-backs in the vicinity of the fire floor which may be used for what at a Hi Rise Office Bldg Fire?
5.4.5
A. Ventilation.
B. Attack on the fire.
C. Search and evacuation.