HHD- AOS2

Question 1

old public health

Answer 1

refers to the governments actions in improving physical environment to prevent the spread of disease by establishment of gov-funded water, sewage systems/disposal, improved nutrition, better sanitation, improve* working conditions,* and housing conditions to reduce infectious disease

Question 2

patterns in mortality

Answer 2

decrease prevalence of infectious disease, CVD, injury and poisonings, respiratory disease
increase prevelance of cancer

Question 3

biomedical model of health

Answer 3

focuses on the physical and biological aspect of a disease practised by doctors and health care professional on the diagnosis and treatment/cure of a disease when symptoms present

Question 4

features of biomedical model of health

Answer 4

-focuses on disease at an individual level
-service provide is by doctors and healthcare professionals and hospitals
-concerned with the disease itself (not the cause)
- quick fix approach
-relies on technology to treat, cure, and diagnose

Question 5

Advantages of biomedical model of health (4)

Answer 5

1. focused on treating many illnesses effectively
2. funds allow imrpovements in medical technology to advance ways of diagnose and treatment
3. extend life expectancy
4. improves quality of life and HALE (by treating disease itself)

Question 6

Disadvantage of biomedical model of health (4)

Answer 6

1. not every disease can be cured
2. doesn’t promote good health and wellbeing
3. costly for the price of health care professionals and doctors (education and training)
4. not always affordable to the public

Question 7

Policies of Old Public Health (7)

Answer 7

-establishment of government funded water and sewage systems
-implented quarantine laws
-elimination of housing slums and improved housing conditions
-improved food and safety
-improved working conditions
-public health campaigns
-hygenic birthing conditions
-provision of infant and antenatal welfare service

Question 8

New public health

Answer 8

refers to expanding on the focus of individual towards their physical, sociocultural, and political environments to improve health status

Question 9

Features of social model of health (5)

Answer 9

Intersectoral collaboration
Acts to reduce inequality
Address broader determinants
Access to healthcare
Empowering individuals

Question 10

Medicare

Answer 10

Australia’s universal health system which is able to provide a range of health service at a subsidised cost to treat and diagnosis various conditions

Eligibility
Australians, permenant residents and those under the reciprocal agreement funded by the government

Question 11

Pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS)

Answer 11

federal government scheme able to provide a range of essential medications listed under the PBS at a subsidised cost to treat a variety of conditions for cost-effective medications

Eligible
-all Australian residents who hold a current Medicare card
-those from countries part of the reciprocal agreement

Question 12

National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)

Answer 12

Health system able to support the needs of those with significant or lifelong permanent disabilities through individualised plans to assist them in living an ordinary life based on their individual needs

federal government scheme

Question 13

Private health insurance

Answer 13

Health system able to provide a range of services not covered by Medicare by a premium fee

Question 14

Guideline 1

Answer 14

To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs and maintain energy balance

Question 15

Guideline 2

Answer 15

adequate intake of all five food groups as a wide variety as well as plenty of water

Question 16

Guideline 3

Answer 16

Low intake of high saturated fats, sugar, salt, and alcohol

Question 17

Guideline 4

Answer 17

encourage, promote, and support breastfeeding

Question 18

Guideline 5

Answer 18

Care for your food; prepare and store it safely

Question 19

Australian guide to healthy eating

Answer 19

Visual pie chart which illustrates the proportional intake of all five food groups, recommendation of water, and encourages low intake of discretionary substances to illustrate guidelines 2 and 3

Question 20

Schedule fee

Answer 20

amount which Medicare covers depending on what the government deems appropriate for specific services and treatments

-doctors and private hospitals may charge more

Question 21

Patient co-payment

Answer 21

when doctors or hospitals charges more than the schedule fee, the patient is required to pay additional out-of-pocket expenses
-pay for amount not covered by schedule fee

Question 22

Bulk-billing

Answer 22

when doctors or hospitals only charge the schedule fee
=no out-of-pocket expenses from patient as its all covered by medicare

Question 23

How is medicare funded

Answer 23

-general taxation
-medicare levy: around 2% of taxable income (exceptions- low SES or unemployed)
-medicare levy surcharge: additional fee for those with high income and do not have private health insurance

Question 24

Medicare Safety Net

Answer 24

provides further assistance for those who use Medicare services and treatments frequently

-once paid a certain amount of out of pocket expenses for Medicare services= will be reduced the remainder of the year
**promotes equity

Question 25

PBS Safety Net

Answer 25

able to protect families and individuals from large overall expenses of PBS listed medications

Question 26

Concessional co-payment

Answer 26

provides further assistance for those with low incomes or are unemployed to further reduce the cost of subsidized medications

Question 27

Health Promotion

Answer 27

focuses on enabling people to increase their control and improve their health by focusing on the prevention rather the disease and cure as the starting point through provoding the skills and knowledge

Question 28

TGA vs PBAC

Answer 28

TGA: Therapeutic goods administratios- monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of medications and products defined as therapeutic goods

PBAC: Pharmacieudical benefits avisatory committee- recommends new medicines to be listed under the PBS to ministers following an assessment on its safety and effectiveness

PBS