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HHD- AOS1 Flashcards

1
Q

mortality

A

indicator of health status measures the number of deaths within a population at a specific time

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2
Q

mortality rates

A

refers to the number of deaths in a population expressed per 1000 or 10,000 within a specific period
^form of expressing data= equivilates to allow accurate comparison
Ex. 12 months
of a specific or combined cause

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3
Q

health status

A

**overall health **of an individual and population

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4
Q

health indicators

A

apects of an individual and populations health displayed as standerdised statistics to compare and measure health status
Ex. Morbidity, mortrality, burden of disease, life expectancy

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5
Q

self-assessed heath status

A

refers to an individuals own subjective opinion and view of their own personal health as a reflection their perception in relation to the **five dimensions of health **

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6
Q

life expectancy

A

average number of years left to live of an individual at a particular age relative to the **current death rates **
-does not showcase the quality of life of health issues

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7
Q

Health-adjusted life expectancy

A

length of time an individual at specific age wil experience **full health **without health concequence (disease/injury)

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8
Q

infant mortality rate

A

rate if deaths of infants before their first birthday
major causes: congenital malformation (chromosomal abnormalities) and asphyxia (low levels of 02= unconciousness and death)

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9
Q

under-five mortality rate

A

refers to the rate of deaths of children under the age of 5 years old
major cause: injury (Ex. drowing, heatstroke, accidents)

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10
Q

maternal mortality rate

A

rate of deaths of mother during pregnancy, labour, and 6 weeks post childbirth.
Major cause: cardiovascular disease (due to high demand of body leading to increase heart rate activity and blood pressure which can overwhelm the body), *obsteric haemmorrage *(excesive bleeding)

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11
Q

morbidity

A

refers to ill health of individuals and/or level of ill healthof a population of a particular disease at a given time

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12
Q

morbidity rate

A

measures the rate of morbidity by recording how many people suffer from a particular diesase at a given time

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13
Q

incidence

A

refers to new cases of a particular disease at a given time

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14
Q

prevelence

A

refers to the total amount proportional cases of a particular disease at a given time

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15
Q

Burden of disease

A

way of measuring the impact of disease and illness to a population using Disability-adjusted life years (DALY). This can track the burden a disease brings on a population by identifying the gap between the populations curent health status and an ideal health situation where individuals live at an old age free of disease.

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16
Q

Disability-adjusted life years

A

way of measuring burden of disease as a sum of the years of life lost due to disability **(YLD) **and years of life lost (YLL).

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17
Q

Years of life lost (YLL)

A

refers to premature death to a disease where YLL is calculated by the years lost between the age they died and their life expectancy where that difference is noted as YLL
-fatal component of DALY
the mortality aspect

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18
Q

Years of life lost due to disability (YLD)

A

refers to healthy years of lifes lost due to disease
-non fatal component of DALY

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19
Q

smoking

A

practice of burning a substance to produce smoke to be tasted and inhaled through the lungs

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20
Q

atheroschlerosis

A

refers to process of build up of plaque in the blood vessels walls =difficult blood flow and supply oxygen-rich-blood to heart
-occur from smoking
can cause *coronary heart disease *

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21
Q

respiratory disease from smoking

A

can lead to chronic obstructuve pulmonary disease (COPD) which can then lead to chronic bronchitis and emphasema
-due to damaged lung tisse and lung air sacs= reduced air flow and limited ability to utilise oxygen

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22
Q

Chronic obstructuve pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems
-progressive and long-term= damage to lungs= shortness of breath
-affects activity and function of the lungs
Ex. emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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23
Q

Emphysema vs Chronic bronchitis

A

Emphysema = damage to air sac of lungs leading to reduce flow of oxygen to blood
Chronic bronchitis = damage to tiny hairs of the lungs airway * (cilia)* lead to [frequent] mucus coughs

24
Q

Subjective

A

H&W can be described as subjective since health and wellbeing can mean different things to different people influenced by a range of factors including age, sex, income, gender, culture, and religion

25
Health and wellbeing
refers to an individuals **overall state** of **physical, mental, social, and spiritual existance** characterised by an **equilibrium** where an individual feels, **happy, healthy, capable, and engaged**
26
dynamic
means to be **constanly changing** and moving **continuously** in response to **environment/experience** -H&W can be **gradual** (weight gain, nature of relationship) or **change quickly** (injury, stressful events, disease)
27
disease
**physica/mental** **disturbance** evident in **symptoms** and **dysfunction** or **tissue damage**
28
illness
refers to **subjective experience** on how indiviuals **percieve** **disease or injury.** -based on **perception** (gender, age , attitudes)
29
optimal health
**highest level** of **health and wellbeing**an individual can **realistically obtain** at any **particular time** -resource for eveyday life **not objective for living**
30
prerequisites of health (9)
*peace, shelter, food, education, income, stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, equity, social justice*
31
peace
absence of conflict/war
32
shelter
structure provides secure protection from external environment and limiting exposure from airbourne disease= saftey, privacy to allow increased focus and less stress
33
food
state where individual recieves** adequate nutrition regularely, safely, culturally appropriate **and by **non-emergency service **sources
34
education
practice of learning and teaching to obtain **knowledge** and **qualities** (literacy) required for suitable employment= well-paid job & income
35
stable ecosystem
**community** consisting of a **balance** of **non-living and living** components within an area
36
equity
focuses on **fairness** and** social justice** of **disadvanatged groups** to **imporve** their **quality of life **
37
social justice
refers to the fairness and **equal rights** regardless of **age, income, class, sexual orientation, religion, culture, or ethnicity**
38
sustainable resources
ability to use resources to support **current needs** **without comprimising** the state or supply for **future generations** Ex. safe water, food, agriculture, infrastructure, housing, energy production/sources.
39
coronary heart disease/coronary artery disease
refers to **damage** to **hearts** major **blood vessels** -can be caused by *atheroschlerosis*
40
Alcoholism
involves oversonsumption of alcohol and involves constant desire for alcohol
41
Alcoholism
involves oversonsumption of alcohol and involves constant desire for alcohol
42
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
**collection** of **infant alcohol associated** disorders
43
high body mass index (BMI)
refers to when an individual has a **high or unhealthy proportion **of **weight** to their **height** calculated by weight (kj) over height^2 (metres)
44
osteoarthitis
**cartilage** becomes** worn down **due to **pressure** from excessive weight= wore down leads to bones higher friction against each other bones become **weak** and **brittle** *degenerative **form of arthitis **when bones become swollen and tender from joints but by weakened cartilage
45
arthritis
**swelling** and **tenderness** of one or more joints
46
periodontitis
refers to when the soft tissue that supports teeth weakens due to sugar overconsumption untreated= loose teeth and fall off ## Footnote 3.6-overconsumption sugar- health concerns-dental carries
47
high-density lipoproteins | (HDL)
refered as good fats which can reduce atherosclerosis ## Footnote 3.6-overconsumption of fats-health concern- cardiovascular disease
48
low-density lipoproteins
known as **bad fats** when too much, cause arteries to be deposited through walls= other substance build up= increase ***atherosclerosis***
49
colorectal cancer
cancer of the **colon** or **rectum**, located at the **digestive tract's lower end.**
50
hypertension
which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure
51
dental caries
**permanently damaged areas** in the **hard surface** of your teeth that develop into **tiny openings or holes**
52
dental caries vs cavity
carie is at the **tooth surface,** cavity can reach **deeper within a tooth**
53
cholestorol
a **waxy substance** found in your **blood**. Your body needs cholesterol to **build healthy cells,**
54
fibre
type of **carbohydrate** not absorbed through the body but travels through to bulk feaces, feel fullness, nd cleans digestive tract ^can be ***soluble*** or ***insoluble***
55
soluble vs insoluble fibres
*soluble*: able to absorb water source; fruits and veg, flaxseed, soy milk *insoluble*: does not absorb water source; fruit and veg skin, seeds, wheat bran
56
iron
major component of blood able to **attach oxygen** to blood allowing the movement and transportation of it to cells for their function source; found it lean meats, nuts, seeds
57
aneamia
**deficiency** in the **number of healthy red blood cells=** not enough oxygen delivered to cells for its function *low iron-* major component of red blood cells, not enough= not enough healthy red blood cells to deliver oxygen produced by the bone marrow

2023 content (11 decks)

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