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Pharmacology II > HF1 > Flashcards

HF1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some causes of acute exacerbations

A
  1. medication non-adherence
  2. increased blood volume
  3. uncontrolled HTN
  4. Illness
  5. drugs
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2
Q

intake of what can exacerbate HF by increasing blood volume

A

increased sodium and water intake

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3
Q

what are 5 drugs that can exacerbate HF

A
  1. NSAIDS
  2. alcohol
  3. non-DHP CCBs
  4. BBs
  5. antiarrhythics
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4
Q

what are some systolic HF characteristics

A

decreased mechanical pumping actions

decreased ejection fraction

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5
Q

an ejection fraction less than what diagnoses HF

A

less than 40%

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6
Q

what is the most common type of HF?

systolic or diastolic

A

systolic

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7
Q

what are some characteristics of diastolic HF?

A
  1. normal ejection fraction
  2. stiffened left ventricle
  3. dysfunction with relaxation/ filling
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8
Q

who is at the highest risk for diastolic HF

A

elderly women

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9
Q

what commonly causes diastolic HF

A

ischemia and hypertrophy

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10
Q

failure of which side of the heart causes pitting edema

A

right HF

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11
Q

failure of which side of the heart causes elevated brain naturetic peptide (BNP)

A

both Left and right HF

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12
Q

failure of which side of the heart causes positive jugular venous distension (+JVD)

A

right HF

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13
Q

failure of which side of the heart causes rales and crackles

A

left HF

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14
Q

failure of which side of the heart causes PND (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)

A

left HF

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15
Q

failure of which side of the heart causes a cough

A

Both left and right

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16
Q

what are the 2 symptoms of right sided failure

A

edema and nocturia

17
Q

how do you calculate SV

A

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

18
Q

what is the max amount of blood in ventricle filling during diastole

A

end diastolic volume

19
Q

what is the minimum amount of blood left in heart (during contration)

A

end systolic volume

20
Q

ventricular performance is synonymous with what

A

end systolic volume

21
Q

ejection fraction is calculated how

A

stoke volume/ EDV

22
Q

what is the left ventricular filling during diastole refer to?

A

preload

23
Q

what determines preload

A

end diastolic volume

24
Q

what is influenced by preload

A

stroke volume

25
Q

what determines afterload

A

SVR

26
Q

what is also refered to as impedance to ejection

A

afterload

27
Q

what is HF’s effect on:
intrinsic contractility
muscle shortening
LV volume

A

decrease intrinsic contractility
increase muscle shortening
increase LV stroke volume

28
Q

what refers to how hard the force of the heart is

A

contractility

29
Q

what is the first compensatory mechanism seen in HF?

A

heart rate increases

30
Q

beta receptors are activated by SNS due to what in HF

A

increased SV

Pharmacology II (15 decks)

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