HF Physiology Practice Questions Flashcards
The average piston engined aeroplanes noise level is:
a.
85 - 110 dB
b.
50 - 100 dB
c.
100 - 200 dB
d.
100 - 150 dB
The correct answer is: 85 - 110 dB
Which of the following has symptoms of positive G?
a.
tunnel vision, greyout, redout, G-LOC
b.
colour vision deterioration, tunnel vision, greyout, blackout
c.
headache, breathing difficulty, slowing heart rate
d.
tunnel vision, greyout, slowing heart rate
The correct answer is: colour vision deterioration, tunnel vision, greyout, blackout
The most common human errors that caused aircraft accidents are
a.
handling errors
b.
decision making errors
c.
errors caused by lack of knowledge
d.
errors caused by lack of experience
The correct answer is: decision making errors
One of the functions of the outer ear is to
a.
equalise the pressure on either side of the eardrum
b.
send nerve impulses to the brain
c.
protect the eardrum from intrusions of foreign bodies
d.
send vibration to cochlea
The correct answer is: protect the eardrum from intrusions of foreign bodies
What is the percentage of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere?
a.
78%
b.
0.03%
c.
1%
d.
21%
The correct answer is: 0.03%
Each passenger must be provided with supplemental oxygen at all times at which an unpressurised aircraft is operating above
a.
10,000ft
b.
14,000ft
c.
8,000ft
d.
20,000ft
The correct answer is: 14,000ft
Which component of the inner ear senses changes in speed with constant direction (linear acceleration)?
a.
otoliths
b.
semi-circular canal
c.
cochlea
d.
eardrum
The correct answer is: otoliths
When established in a balanced level turn at constant bank angle, the hair cells of the semi-circular canals will be
a.
deflected in the direction of turn
b.
waving back and forth
c.
in the rest position with no deflection
d.
deflected in the opposite direction to the turn
The correct answer is: in the rest position with no deflection
Eyes adapt to changes in ambient light intensity by adjusting
a.
the cornea and the shape of the lens
b.
the position of the rods and cones
c.
the iris to change the shape of the pupil and making chemical changes in the retina
d.
the shape of the lens with the ciliary muscle
The correct answer is: the iris to change the shape of the pupil and making chemical changes in the retina
Which one will not reduce performance of a pilot in the flight deck?
a.
constant noise
b.
5% of humidity
c.
temperature off 20°C
d.
constant vibration
The correct answer is: temperature off 20°C
Which phase of a flight is likely to be more of a problem to a blocked Eustachian tube than the rest?
a.
climb, with the volume of gas in the middle ear increasing
b.
climb, with the volume of gas in the inner ear increasing
c.
descent, with the volume of gas in the middle ear decreasing
d.
descent, with the volume of gas in the inner ear decreasing
The correct answer is: descent, with the volume of gas in the middle ear decreasing
During repeated turns with constant angle of bank and speed, the hair cells of cupula in the semi-circular canals go back to the position of:
a.
upright
b.
tumble around
c.
tilted in the opposite direction to the turn
d.
tilted in the same direction as the turn
The correct answer is: upright
The most common reason for ‘in flight incapacitation’ is
a.
heart attack
b.
dehydration
c.
decompression
d.
food poisoning
The correct answer is: food poisoning
At an altitude of 18000ft the ambient atmospheric pressure is approximately
a.
one third of sea level value
b.
One half of its sea level value
c.
two thirds of its sea level value
d.
one tenth of its sea level value
The correct answer is: One half of its sea level value
Which of the following is a function of the middle ear?
a.
to maintain the sense of balance
b.
to sense linear velocity
c.
to convert the mechanical energy of vibration to nerve signals
d.
to amplify the vibrations and transfer to the cochlea
The correct answer is: to amplify the vibrations and transfer to the cochlea
What is the approximate cabin altitude above which you must breathe 100% oxygen if you are to maintain an alveolar partial pressure equal to that of sea level?
a.
10,000ft
b.
40,000ft
c.
30,000ft
d.
33,700ft
The correct answer is: 33,700ft
Before flying, the minimum recommended period after a three and a half hour SCUBA diving that requires decompression stops is
a.
4 hours
b.
12 hours
c.
48 hours
d.
24 hours
The correct answer is: 12 hours
At a depth of about 30 feet, the underwater pressure is closest to
a.
One half of normal sea level atmospheric pressure
b.
two times normal sea level atmospheric pressure
c.
three times normal sea level atmospheric pressure
d.
one and a half time normal sea level atmospheric pressure
The correct answer is: two times normal sea level atmospheric pressure
Which of the following is true about pilots taking medications before flight?
a.
any ‘over the counter medicine’ can be considered safe
b.
DAME’s opinion should be sought before using any medications
c.
prescribed medications by a doctor can be considered safe
d.
medications can be considered safe unless there is a warning on the packet
The correct answer is: DAME’s opinion should be sought before using any medications
What are the possible side effects of Aspirin?
a.
melanoma
b.
insomnia, high blood pressure
c.
stomach bleeding, kidney or Liver problems
d.
drowsiness, sleepiness
The correct answer is: stomach bleeding, kidney or Liver problems
Which of the following is not a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?
a.
headache and fatigue
b.
euphoria
c.
mental confusion, vision impairment
d.
cherry red complexion
The correct answer is: euphoria
The minimum recommended period to stay on the ground after a blood donation is
a.
48 hrs
b.
12 hrs
c.
36 hrs
d.
24 hrs
The correct answer is: 24 hrs
Vestibular apparatus consists of
a.
semicircular canals and cochlea
b.
Eustachian tube and cochlea
c.
semicircular canals and otoliths
d.
otoliths and ossicles
The correct answer is: semicircular canals and otoliths
An organ in the inner ear that provides a sense of balance is
a.
Eustachian tube
b.
ossicles
c.
semicircular canals
d.
cochlea
The correct answer is: semicircular canals
Astigmatism is caused by
a.
unevenness of the curvature of the cornea
b.
age changes
c.
short sightedness
d.
long sightedness
The correct answer is: unevenness of the curvature of the cornea
What are the possible side effects of Aspirin?
a.
insomnia, high blood pressure
b.
melanoma
c.
drowsiness, sleepiness
d.
stomach bleeding, kidney or Liver problems
The correct answer is: stomach bleeding, kidney or Liver problems
NIHL (Noise induced hearing loss) usually occurs first
a.
in the frequency range below normal speech
b.
across the whole range of audible frequencies
c.
in the frequency range of normal speech, 50 to 500 Hz
d.
in the high frequency range, above normal speech
The correct answer is: in the high frequency range, above normal speech
The Cochlea:
a.
transfers sound waves from the vibrating eardrum to the inner ear
b.
balances air pressure between middle ear and outer ear
c.
is responsible for the perception of sounds
d.
senses linear accelerations and angular accelerations
The correct answer is: is responsible for the perception of sounds
Alcohol can still be detected in the brain cell for
a.
12 hours after ingestion
b.
6 hours after ingestion
c.
24 hours after ingestion
d.
48 hours after ingestion
The correct answer is: 24 hours after ingestion
Negative G safety limit is about
a.
-8G
b.
-2G
c.
-5G
d.
-3G
The correct answer is: -3G
A pilot’s eyes have been exposed to a bright flash light in the dark. The minimum time required to recover optimum vision is:
a.
30 minutes
b.
15 minutes
c.
7 minutes
d.
60 minutes
The correct answer is: 30 minutes
A pilot’s eyes have been exposed to a bright flash light in the dark. The minimum time required to recover optimum vision is:
a.
30 minutes
b.
15 minutes
c.
7 minutes
d.
60 minutes
The correct answer is: 30 minutes
Grey out occurs at:
a. + 2G
b. -3.5G
c. +4.5G
d. +3.5G
The correct answer is: +3.5G
The maximum distance at which a healthy eye in good lighting and contrast could identify a circle one metre in diameter is approximately
a.
five kilometres
b.
one kilometre
c.
five hundred metres
d.
two nautical miles
The correct answer is: two nautical miles
Temporary or permanent hearing loss can be cause by sustained noise exposure at levels
a.
of typical light aircrafts cockpit
b.
above 120dB
c.
above 140dB
d.
above 50dB
The correct answer is: of typical light aircrafts cockpit
What is the correct method to reduce blood alcohol level (remove alcohol from body)?
a.
eat food before drinking
b.
exercise
c.
wait
d.
drink cups of black coffee
The correct answer is: wait
During a climb, expanding gas are most likely to cause discomfort when it is trapped in the
a.
lungs
b.
stomach
c.
small bowel
d.
large bowel
The correct answer is: small bowel
Which of the following would not increase a pilot’s tolerance to high G loads?
a.
more up right seating position
b.
more reclined seating position
c.
tensing of the stomach muscles just before the onset of and during the G load
d.
high level of physical fitness
The correct answer is: more up right seating position
For effective visual scanning of traffic, we use move-rest cycles. What is the name of the cycle, correct duration, and the reason to apply?
a.
saccade, 0.3 seconds, eyes do not receive clear image when the head is moving
b.
saccade, 3 seconds, eyes do not receive clear image when the head is moving
c.
panel scan, 0.3 seconds, for the efficient time sharing
d.
Mandelbaum effect, 1 second, the ciliary muscles of the lenses relax when scan stops
The correct answer is: saccade, 0.3 seconds, eyes do not receive clear image when the head is moving
8 hours bottle to throttle’ means:
a.
the period that requires total abstinence by all pilots from any alcohol after consumption of maximum 8 standard drinks
b.
the minimum period that requires total abstinence by all pilots from any alcohol before departure
c.
the minimum period that requires total abstinence by all pilots from any alcohol before departure regardless of the alcohol amount consumed before the period
d.
the maximum period that requires total abstinence by all pilots from any alcohol before departure
The correct answer is: the minimum period that requires total abstinence by all pilots from any alcohol before departure
Which of the following is a function of the inner ear?
a.
to amplify the vibrations arriving at the eardrum and transfer them to the cochlea
b.
to equalise the pressure on either side of the eardrum
c.
to protect the eardrum from the intrusion of foreign bodies
d.
to convert the mechanical energy of vibrations to nerve impulses and assist in maintaining the sense of balance
The correct answer is: to convert the mechanical energy of vibrations to nerve impulses and assist in maintaining the sense of balance
What are the correct pressure of atmospheric air and alveolar air at mean sea level?
a.
atmospheric air 1013.25mm Hg, alveolar air 1013.25mm Hg
b.
atmospheric air 103mm Hg, alveolar air 103mmHg
c.
atmospheric air 760mm Hg, alveolar air 760mm Hg
d.
atmospheric air 29.92mm Hg, alveolar air 29.92mm Hg
The correct answer is: atmospheric air 760mm Hg, alveolar air 760mm Hg
Vision: The eyes have difficulties seeing objects the size of which subtends an angle of less than one __ of arc.
a.
minute
b.
degree
c.
metre
d.
second
The correct answer is: minute
Drugs to reduce bowel motility are usually not advisable for pilot because of
a.
drowsiness
b.
blurred vision
c.
reduce hearing ability
d.
hypertension
The correct answer is: blurred vision
Find the incorrect description of Hyperventilation: Hyperventilation is likely to-
a.
result in acidic blood
b.
result from Hypoxia
c.
result in Alkalosis of blood
d.
result from fear, anxiety, and excitement
The correct answer is: result in acidic blood
Which one is the correct description of ‘conductive loss’?
a.
the hearing loss associated with outer/ middle ear and usually reversible
b.
the hearing loss associated with the inner ear and mostly non reversible
c.
the hearing loss associated with outer/ middle ear and usually non reversible
d.
the hearing loss associated with inner ear and mostly reversible
The correct answer is: the hearing loss associated with outer/ middle ear and usually reversible
Susceptibility to hypoxia will not be increased by
a.
cigarette smoking
b.
lack of physical fitness
c.
excessively cold environment
d.
flying at night
e.
flying with a hangover
The correct answer is: flying at night
Empty Field Myopia is the tendency of the ciliary muscles to relax when flying in the featureless sky, which leaves the eyes at a resting focal length of approximately
a.
twenty metres
b.
one to two metres
c.
infinity
d.
five to six metres
The correct answer is: one to two metres
When landing into the sun, the best action for a pilot to take is to
a.
sit as low as possible and squint eyes
b.
wear sunglasses
c.
look only at the area just above the cockpit
d.
use the cockpit sun visor
The correct answer is: use the cockpit sun visor
Prolonged exposure to bright glare such as beach sand or snow can cause a significant reduction in night vision for up to
a.
one month
b.
one week
c.
12 hrs
d.
one day
The correct answer is: one week
A pilot just finished a SCUBA diving of 5 hours, up to 40 feet depth. Before his passenger jet flight, he should have a rest for __ hours at sea level.
a.
12 hours
b.
4 hours
c.
48 hours
d.
24 hours
The correct answer is: 48 hours
The reason for Gout (which can lead to joint pain and limited movement) is:
a.
a diet lacking in iron
b.
drinking too much water
c.
imbalance in the oxygen: carbon dioxide ratio in blood
d.
a disturbance of the uric acid metabolism
The correct answer is: a disturbance of the uric acid metabolism
Which of the following is not an effect of a sustained negative G load?
a.
red out
b.
slowing of the heart beat
c.
headache
d.
loss of colour vision
The correct answer is: loss of colour vision
Pilots or passengers suffering from hypoxia in an unpressurised aircraft at high level have no unpleasant sensation because
a.
brain reacts to changing carbon dioxide level, not to changing oxygen level in the blood.
b.
subconscious increase in breathing rate will compensate for the dropping ambient atmospheric pressure
c.
as much as dropping oxygen pressure in the blood carbon dioxide pressure in the blood drops too.
d.
increasing heart rate will increase blood flow to brain
The correct answer is: brain reacts to changing carbon dioxide level, not to changing oxygen level in the blood.
Objects seen in less detail are perceived to be further away than clearly visible objects. This tendency of the perception is called
a.
Geometric perspective
b.
Empty field myopia
c.
Environmental perspective
d.
Mandelbaum effect
The correct answer is: Environmental perspective
To avoid ‘empty field myopia’, it is recommended to
a.
stop scanning
b.
blink regularly
c.
actively re-focus the eyes on a distant object such as a wingtip
d.
stare at horizon
The correct answer is: actively re-focus the eyes on a distant object such as a wingtip
If a URI (upper respiratory tract infection) causes a blockage in the Eustachian tube, where is the blockage most likely to occur?
a.
in any location where the tube bends
b.
at the bottom where the tube enters the nasal passage
c.
in the centre where the tube is narrowest
d.
at the top where the tube enters the middle ear
The correct answer is: at the bottom where the tube enters the nasal passage
Which of the following mediates the sense of balance?
a.
semicircular canals
b.
ossicles
c.
cochlea
d.
Eustachian tube
The correct answer is: semicircular canals
Well-fitting headsets will reduce noise levels by about __ dB, and earplugs will reduce noise level by about __ dB?
a.
35-40dB, 25dB
b.
100dB, 55dB
c.
25dB, 10dB
d.
85dB, 55dB
The correct answer is: 35-40dB, 25dB
As altitude is increased, the percentage of oxygen present in the atmosphere
a.
decreases then increases
b.
decreases
c.
remains constant
d.
increases
The correct answer is: remains constant
Which one is not the part of Aviation Sunglasses requirements?
a.
should transmit 10-15% of the light
b.
should transmit 45-75% of light
c.
should not be polarised
d.
should filter out damaging ultra violet light
The correct answer is: should transmit 45-75% of light
Not enough iron in the diet can lead to which of the following health problems?
a.
anaemia
b.
skin rashes
c.
low blood pressure
d.
dizziness
The correct answer is: anaemia
The minimum recommended period to stay on the ground after a blood donation is
a.
12 hrs
b.
48 hrs
c.
24 hrs
d.
36 hrs
The correct answer is: 24 hrs
Before flying, the minimum recommended period after a three and a half hour SCUBA diving that requires decompression stops is
a.
24 hours
b.
12 hours
c.
48 hours
d.
4 hours
The correct answer is: 12 hours
