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FK330 > HF > Flashcards

HF Flashcards

1
Q

What is an error?

A

Actions or inactions that lead to a deviation from intentions or expectations.

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2
Q

What is Human Factors?

A

Optimising how humans relate and interact with the environment, procedures, technology and other people.

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3
Q

What is SHELL?

A 
Software
Hardware
Environment
Liveware to human
Liveware to machine
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4
Q

Types of errors:

A

Slips
Lapses
Mistakes

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5
Q

What factors contribute to an accident?

A

Reason Model:

Organisational
Workplace
Individual / Team
Defences

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6
Q

What is a threat?

A

Anything that requires crew attention and management to maintain safety margins.

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7
Q

Describe the TEM model.

A

Threat -> Manage
Error -> Manage
Undesired Operation State -> Manage

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8
Q

Cornerstones of Just Culture

A
  1. Actively seek out risk
  2. Support a learning culture
  3. Manage employee behaviour
  4. Focus on fixing the system
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9
Q

Types of safety behaviour

A
  1. Human error
    (an inadvertent action)
  2. At risk
    (choice that increases risk)
  3. Reckless
    (conscious disregard for substantial risk)
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10
Q

How do you manage behaviours to improve the system?

A

Human error - Support
At risk - Coach
Reckless - Discipline

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11
Q

What is the Support Language?

A 
R - Relay
A - Ask
I - Indicate concern
S - Solution
E - Emergency language

Take notice and respond appropriately

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12
Q

What is communication?

A

Effective transfer of information

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13
Q

Strategies for effective communication

A
  • Make time for introductions to set tone & build rapport
  • Foster a relationship with the crew
  • Lead by example
  • Show respect
  • Encourage open & honest 2-way communication
  • Check for understanding
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14
Q

What is SA?

A

The process of matching your perceptions with reality.

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15
Q

What are the levels of SA?

A

Perceiving
Understanding
Anticipating

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16
Q

SA is the foundation for…

A

effective flight path management.

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17
Q

How do you recover SA?

A

SAFE PLACE
Stabilise the aircraft
Buy time
Communicate & gather information

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18
Q

Types of decision making

A

Analytical - GRADE
(calculate optimum choice)

Cue based or Intuitive
(evaluating as problem evolves)

19
Q

What is risk?

A

Likelihood vs Consequence

20
Q

Examples of bias decision making

A
  • Group think
  • Confirmation / expectation
  • Overconfidence
  • Familiarity / frequency
  • Selective / preconceived
21
Q

Stages of team formation

A

Tuckman Model

  1. Forming
  2. Storming
  3. Norming
  4. Performing
  5. Adjourning
22
Q

Strategies for building & maintaining your team

???

A
  • At sign on or briefing?
  • Before pushback?
  • In flight?
  • After the flight?
23
Q

What is group think?

A

A frame of mind where ‘being part of’ the group has higher priority than independent thinking.

24
Q

NTB - Situational Awareness

A
  1. Systems Awareness
  2. Environmental Awareness
  3. Anticipation
25
Q

NTB - Teamwork

A
  1. Team Building and Maintaining
  2. Considering Others
  3. Supporting Others
  4. Conflict Solving
26
Q

NTB - Decision Making

A
  1. Problem Definition / Diagnosis
  2. Option Generation
  3. Risk Assessment / Option Choice
  4. Outcome Review
27
Q

NTB - Leadership & Managerial Skills

A
  1. Use of Authority & Assertiveness
  2. Providing & Maintaining Standards
  3. Planning & Coordination
  4. Workload management
28
Q

What behaviour does Just Culture tolerate?

A

Human error and at risk behaviour.

Does not tolerate reckless behaviour.

29
Q

Signs of degraded of SA

A
  • Confusion
  • Errors
  • Fixation
  • Not responding
  • Getting quiet
  • Not meeting targets
  • Bad gut feel
30
Q

Common circumstances that can induce ‘press on itis’

A

MIT study on T/S penetration:

  1. Close to destination
  2. Darkness
  3. Other aircraft are getting in
  4. More than 15min behind schedule
31
Q

Workload management strategies

A
  1. Load shed
  2. Delegation
  3. Prioritisation
32
Q

Crew briefing tool used by QLink

not tested

A 
I - Introduction
S - Status
T- Turbulence
O - Operational info
P - Password
33
Q

Considerations

not tested

A
  1. Safe
  2. Legal
  3. Standard
  4. Comfort
  5. Cost
  6. Wise
34
Q

Whom do you talk to in an emergency?

not tested

A

Across the Comms Panel

VHF 1/2/3, HF, INT, CAB

35
Q

TLAR

not tested

A

That looks about right

36
Q

Take stock…

not tested

A

What do I have?
What have I lost?
What do I need?

37
Q

Expand the team…

not tested

A
  • ATC
  • Passengers who speak up
  • Pilots on other aircraft
38
Q

How to handle a suspected Capt under the influence

not tested

A
  • Ask RUOK?
  • Call duty captain
  • Stand yourself down?
39
Q

Strategies for monitoring

A
  1. Passive vs active monitoring
  2. Understand SOPs
  3. Shared metal model
  4. Monitor for position and progress
  5. Observe sterile cockpit & avoid interruptions
  6. Flag errors
  7. Be alert for potential/actual breakdown in SA
40
Q

How to regain SA

A

Verify:

  • Airspeed
  • Attitude
  • Altitude
  • Orientation
  • Last ATC instruction
41
Q

What is a distraction?

A

Something that draws attention away.

42
Q

What is an interruption?

A

Something that takes away from the task????

43
Q

Providing and maintaining standards

A
  • Time pressure leads to unconscious shedding
  • Reconstructing SA after distraction is difficult
  • Abnormal situations make us vulnerable to errors
  • Multi-tasking doesn’t work well

FK330 (12 decks)

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