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Pharmacognosy > HETEROGLYCANS: GUMS & MUCILAGES > Flashcards

HETEROGLYCANS: GUMS & MUCILAGES Flashcards

1
Q

Pomelo

A

Citrus grandis

Rutaceae

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2
Q

Dalanghita

A

Citrus nobilis

Rutaceae

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3
Q

Ponkan

A

Citrus sinensis
Citrus reticulata

Rutaceae

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4
Q

Orange

A

Citrus aurantium
Citrus sinensis

Rutaceae

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5
Q

Calamansi

A

Citrus microcarpa

Rutaceae

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6
Q

Grapefruit

A

Citrus paradisi

Rutaceae

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7
Q

Lemon

A

Citrus limon

Rutaceae

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8
Q

Apple

A

Malus domestica

Rosaceae

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9
Q

Locust bean gum

A

Ceratonia siliqua

Fabaceae

thickener
stabilizer

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10
Q

Guar gum

A

Cyamopsis tetragonolubus

Fabaceae

bulk laxative,
thickening agent,
tablet binder,
disintegrating agent

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11
Q

Cydonium / Quince Seed

A

Cydonia vulgaris

Rosaceae

thixotropic properties

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12
Q

Psyllium

(Plantago seed, Plantain seed)

A

Plantago psyllium

Plantaginaceae

Cathartic

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13
Q

Danish Agar

A

Furcellaria fastigiata

Furcellariaceae

Gelling agent
suspending agent

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14
Q

Carrageenan

(aka Irish Moss, Chondrus)

A

Chondrus crispus

Gigartinaceae

Stabilizing agent
Toothpaste
demulcent,
bulk laxative

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15
Q

Algin

(aka Sodium alginate)

A

Macrocystis pyrifera

Lessoniaceae

suspending agent,
tablet binder
thickening agent

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16
Q

Agar

(aka Japanese isinglas)

A

Gelidium cartilagineum

Gelidiaceae

laxative,
suspending agent,
emulsifier,
gelling agent,
disintegrant,
culture media

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17
Q

Tragacanth

( aka Gum Tragacanth)

A

Astragalus gummifer

Fabaceae

Suspending agent
demulcent,
emollient,
binder
most resistant to acid

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18
Q

Karaya Gum

( aka Sterculia gum, Indian tragacanth)

A

Sterculia urens

Sterculiaceae

Bulk laxative (Movicol®),
dental adhesives

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19
Q

Indian Gum

(aka Ghatti gum)

A

Anogeissus latifolia

Combretaceae

substitute for Acacia gum

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20
Q

Acacia Gum

(aka Gum Arabic)

A

Acacia senegal

Fabaceae

Emulsifying agents,
Suspending Agent,
Demulcent,
Emollient,
Adhesive,
binder,

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21
Q

Shrub or Tree exudates

Sources

A
  • Acacia,
  • Karaya,
  • Tragacanth
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22
Q

Marine Gums

Source

A
  • Agar,
  • Algin,
  • Carrageenan
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23
Q

Seed gums

Source

A
  • Guar,
  • Locust bean,
  • Psyllium
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24
Q

Plant extracts

A

Pectins

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25
Q

Starch and Cellulose derivatives

A
  • Hetastarch,
  • CMC,
  • Ethylcellulose, (EC)
  • Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
  • Methylcellulose (MC)
26
Q

Microbial gums

A
  • Dextrans
  • Xanthan
27
Q

Linear hydrocolloids

Examples

A
  • algin
  • amylose
  • cellulose
  • pectin
28
Q

Branched hydrocolloids

Examples

A
  • xanthan,
  • xylan,
  • galactomannan,
  • gum arabic,
  • tragacanth
29
Q

Acacia Gum

Constituent

A

Arabin

Calcium,
Magnesium
Potassium

30
Q

Tragacanth

Constituent

A
  • 60 to 70% bassorin
  • 30% Tragacanthin
31
Q

Agar

Constituent

A
  • Agarose
  • agaropectin
32
Q

Algin

Constituents

A
  • Mannuronic acid (major component),
  • Sodium salt of alginic acid (a polymer)
33
Q

Carrageenan

Components

A
  • K-carrageenan (kappa) – good gelling agent
  • i-carrageenan (iota) - good gelling agent
  • λ-carrageenan (lambda) – thickener
34
Q

Psyllium

Constituent

A

10-30% hydrocolloid

35
Q

Xanthan Gum

Component

A

branched, partially acetylated polysaccharide

36
Q

obtained from unripe sources

A

Protopectin

37
Q

obtained from ripe sources

A

Pectin

38
Q

obtained from over ripe sources

A

Pectinic acid

39
Q

preparation consisting of Kaolin + Pectin

A

Kaopeptate

(antidiarrheal)

40
Q

Purified carbohydrate product obtained from the dilute acid extract of the inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits or from apple pomace

A

Pectin

41
Q

Pectin

Use

A
  • suspending agent
  • antidiarrheal formulations
  • protectant
42
Q

general uses of gums and mucilage

A

Bulk laxative
Ingredient in dental
adhesives

43
Q

Pharmaceutic Use uses of gums and mucilage

A
  • Gelling agents
  • Emulsifiers
  • Tablet binders
  • Thickeners
  • Suspending agents
  • Stabilizers
44
Q

Acacia Gum

Uses

A
  • Emollient,
  • Binder,
  • Emulsifying agents,
  • Adhesive,
  • Demulcent,
  • Suspending Agent,
45
Q

Indian Gum

Use

A

substitute for Acacia gum

46
Q

Karaya Gum

Uses

A
  • Bulk laxative (Movicol®),
  • Agents forming emulsions and suspensions,
  • dental adhesives
  • Used lotions, textile and printing, food
47
Q

Tragacanth

Uses

A
  • Binder and emulsifier (Lozenges)
  • Emulsifying agent (oils and resin)
  • Adhesive
  • Most resistant to acid hydrolysis
  • Suspending agent (powder)
  • Demulcent and Emollient (cosmetic),
48
Q

Agar

Uses

A
  • gelling agent (suppositories and surgical lubricants)
  • emulsifier,
  • laxative,
  • suspending agent,
  • disintegrant
  • culture media
49
Q

Algin

Uses

A
  • tablet binder
  • thickening agent
  • suspending agent,
50
Q

Carrageenan

Use

A
  • Stabilizing agent(emulsions and
    suspensions)
  • bulk laxative
  • demulcent
  • Toothpaste formulation
51
Q

Danish Agar

Uses

A
  • Gelling agent
  • suspending agent
52
Q

Psyllium

Uses

A

Cathartic

Dose: 7.5 g

53
Q

Guar gum

Uses

A
  • bulk forming laxative,
  • thickening agent,
  • disintegrating agent
  • tablet binder,
54
Q

Locust bean gum

Uses

A
  • thickener
  • stabilizer
55
Q

Xanthan Gum

Uses

A
  • suspending agent
  • Emulsifying
56
Q

Xanthan Gum

Source

A

Xanthamonas campestris

57
Q

High molecular weight microbial gum produced from the action of Xanthamonas campestris on suitable carbohydrates

A

Xanthan Gum

58
Q

From red algae; Similar to K-carrageenan

A

Danish Agar

59
Q

From red algae / seaweeds; It has higher sulfate ester content than agar

A

Carrageenan

60
Q

Description: From Brown seaweeds extracted using a dilute alkali

A

Algin

61
Q

Insoluble in cold water

A

Agar

Pharmacognosy (11 decks)

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