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Pharmacognosy > HETEROGLYCANS: GUMS & MUCILAGES > Flashcards

HETEROGLYCANS: GUMS & MUCILAGES Flashcards

1
Q

Pomelo

A

Citrus grandis

Rutaceae

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2
Q

Dalanghita

A

Citrus nobilis

Rutaceae

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3
Q

Ponkan

A

Citrus sinensis
Citrus reticulata

Rutaceae

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4
Q

Orange

A

Citrus aurantium
Citrus sinensis

Rutaceae

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5
Q

Calamansi

A

Citrus microcarpa

Rutaceae

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6
Q

Grapefruit

A

Citrus paradisi

Rutaceae

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7
Q

Lemon

A

Citrus limon

Rutaceae

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8
Q

Apple

A

Malus domestica

Rosaceae

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9
Q

Locust bean gum

A

Ceratonia siliqua

Fabaceae

thickener
stabilizer

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10
Q

Guar gum

A

Cyamopsis tetragonolubus

Fabaceae

bulk laxative,
thickening agent,
tablet binder,
disintegrating agent

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11
Q

Cydonium / Quince Seed

A

Cydonia vulgaris

Rosaceae

thixotropic properties

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12
Q

Psyllium

(Plantago seed, Plantain seed)

A

Plantago psyllium

Plantaginaceae

Cathartic

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13
Q

Danish Agar

A

Furcellaria fastigiata

Furcellariaceae

Gelling agent
suspending agent

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14
Q

Carrageenan

(aka Irish Moss, Chondrus)

A

Chondrus crispus

Gigartinaceae

Stabilizing agent
Toothpaste
demulcent,
bulk laxative

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15
Q

Algin

(aka Sodium alginate)

A

Macrocystis pyrifera

Lessoniaceae

suspending agent,
tablet binder
thickening agent

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16
Q

Agar

(aka Japanese isinglas)

A

Gelidium cartilagineum

Gelidiaceae

laxative,
suspending agent,
emulsifier,
gelling agent,
disintegrant,
culture media

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17
Q

Tragacanth

( aka Gum Tragacanth)

A

Astragalus gummifer

Fabaceae

Suspending agent
demulcent,
emollient,
binder
most resistant to acid

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18
Q

Karaya Gum

( aka Sterculia gum, Indian tragacanth)

A

Sterculia urens

Sterculiaceae

Bulk laxative (Movicol®),
dental adhesives

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19
Q

Indian Gum

(aka Ghatti gum)

A

Anogeissus latifolia

Combretaceae

substitute for Acacia gum

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20
Q

Acacia Gum

(aka Gum Arabic)

A

Acacia senegal

Fabaceae

Emulsifying agents,
Suspending Agent,
Demulcent,
Emollient,
Adhesive,
binder,

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21
Q

Shrub or Tree exudates

Sources

A
  • Acacia,
  • Karaya,
  • Tragacanth
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22
Q

Marine Gums

Source

A
  • Agar,
  • Algin,
  • Carrageenan
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23
Q

Seed gums

Source

A
  • Guar,
  • Locust bean,
  • Psyllium
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24
Q

Plant extracts

A

Pectins

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25
Starch and Cellulose derivatives
* Hetastarch, * CMC, * Ethylcellulose, (EC) * Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) * Methylcellulose (MC)
26
Microbial gums
* Dextrans * Xanthan
27
Linear hydrocolloids | Examples
* algin * amylose * cellulose * pectin
28
Branched hydrocolloids | Examples
* xanthan, * xylan, * galactomannan, * gum arabic, * tragacanth
29
Acacia Gum | Constituent
Arabin ## Footnote Calcium, Magnesium Potassium
30
Tragacanth | Constituent
* 60 to 70% bassorin * 30% Tragacanthin
31
Agar | Constituent
* Agarose * agaropectin
32
Algin | Constituents
* Mannuronic acid (major component), * Sodium salt of alginic acid (a polymer)
33
Carrageenan | Components
* K-carrageenan (kappa) – good gelling agent * i-carrageenan (iota) - good gelling agent * λ-carrageenan (lambda) – thickener
34
Psyllium | Constituent
10-30% hydrocolloid
35
Xanthan Gum | Component
branched, partially acetylated polysaccharide
36
obtained from unripe sources
Protopectin
37
obtained from ripe sources
Pectin
38
obtained from over ripe sources
Pectinic acid
39
preparation consisting of Kaolin + Pectin
Kaopeptate | (antidiarrheal)
40
Purified carbohydrate product obtained from the dilute acid extract of the inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits or from apple pomace
Pectin
41
Pectin | Use
* suspending agent * antidiarrheal formulations * protectant
42
general uses of gums and mucilage
Bulk laxative Ingredient in dental adhesives
43
Pharmaceutic Use uses of gums and mucilage
* Gelling agents * Emulsifiers * Tablet binders * Thickeners * Suspending agents * Stabilizers
44
Acacia Gum | Uses
* Emollient, * Binder, * Emulsifying agents, * Adhesive, * Demulcent, * Suspending Agent,
45
Indian Gum | Use
substitute for Acacia gum
46
Karaya Gum | Uses
* Bulk laxative (Movicol®), * Agents forming emulsions and suspensions, * dental adhesives * Used lotions, textile and printing, food
47
Tragacanth | Uses
* Binder and emulsifier (Lozenges) * Emulsifying agent (oils and resin) * Adhesive * Most resistant to acid hydrolysis * Suspending agent (powder) * Demulcent and Emollient (cosmetic),
48
Agar | Uses
* gelling agent (suppositories and surgical lubricants) * emulsifier, * laxative, * suspending agent, * disintegrant * culture media
49
Algin | Uses
* tablet binder * thickening agent * suspending agent,
50
Carrageenan | Use
* Stabilizing agent(emulsions and suspensions) * bulk laxative * demulcent * Toothpaste formulation
51
Danish Agar | Uses
* Gelling agent * suspending agent
52
Psyllium | Uses
Cathartic | Dose: 7.5 g
53
Guar gum | Uses
* bulk forming laxative, * thickening agent, * disintegrating agent * tablet binder,
54
Locust bean gum | Uses
* thickener * stabilizer
55
Xanthan Gum | Uses
* suspending agent * Emulsifying
56
Xanthan Gum | Source
Xanthamonas campestris
57
High molecular weight microbial gum produced from the action of Xanthamonas campestris on suitable carbohydrates
Xanthan Gum
58
From red algae; Similar to K-carrageenan
Danish Agar
59
From red algae / seaweeds; It has higher sulfate ester content than agar
Carrageenan
60
Description: From Brown seaweeds extracted using a dilute alkali
Algin
61
Insoluble in cold water
Agar

Pharmacognosy (11 decks)

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