HETEROGLYCANS: GUMS & MUCILAGES Flashcards
Pomelo
Citrus grandis
Rutaceae
Dalanghita
Citrus nobilis
Rutaceae
Ponkan
Citrus sinensis
Citrus reticulata
Rutaceae
Orange
Citrus aurantium
Citrus sinensis
Rutaceae
Calamansi
Citrus microcarpa
Rutaceae
Grapefruit
Citrus paradisi
Rutaceae
Lemon
Citrus limon
Rutaceae
Apple
Malus domestica
Rosaceae
Locust bean gum
Ceratonia siliqua
Fabaceae
thickener
stabilizer
Guar gum
Cyamopsis tetragonolubus
Fabaceae
bulk laxative,
thickening agent,
tablet binder,
disintegrating agent
Cydonium / Quince Seed
Cydonia vulgaris
Rosaceae
thixotropic properties
Psyllium
(Plantago seed, Plantain seed)
Plantago psyllium
Plantaginaceae
Cathartic
Danish Agar
Furcellaria fastigiata
Furcellariaceae
Gelling agent
suspending agent
Carrageenan
(aka Irish Moss, Chondrus)
Chondrus crispus
Gigartinaceae
Stabilizing agent
Toothpaste
demulcent,
bulk laxative
Algin
(aka Sodium alginate)
Macrocystis pyrifera
Lessoniaceae
suspending agent,
tablet binder
thickening agent
Agar
(aka Japanese isinglas)
Gelidium cartilagineum
Gelidiaceae
laxative,
suspending agent,
emulsifier,
gelling agent,
disintegrant,
culture media
Tragacanth
( aka Gum Tragacanth)
Astragalus gummifer
Fabaceae
Suspending agent
demulcent,
emollient,
binder
most resistant to acid
Karaya Gum
( aka Sterculia gum, Indian tragacanth)
Sterculia urens
Sterculiaceae
Bulk laxative (Movicol®),
dental adhesives
Indian Gum
(aka Ghatti gum)
Anogeissus latifolia
Combretaceae
substitute for Acacia gum
Acacia Gum
(aka Gum Arabic)
Acacia senegal
Fabaceae
Emulsifying agents,
Suspending Agent,
Demulcent,
Emollient,
Adhesive,
binder,
Shrub or Tree exudates
Sources
- Acacia,
- Karaya,
- Tragacanth
Marine Gums
Source
- Agar,
- Algin,
- Carrageenan
Seed gums
Source
- Guar,
- Locust bean,
- Psyllium
Plant extracts
Pectins
Starch and Cellulose derivatives
- Hetastarch,
- CMC,
- Ethylcellulose, (EC)
- Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
- Methylcellulose (MC)
Microbial gums
- Dextrans
- Xanthan
Linear hydrocolloids
Examples
- algin
- amylose
- cellulose
- pectin
Branched hydrocolloids
Examples
- xanthan,
- xylan,
- galactomannan,
- gum arabic,
- tragacanth
Acacia Gum
Constituent
Arabin
Calcium,
Magnesium
Potassium
Tragacanth
Constituent
- 60 to 70% bassorin
- 30% Tragacanthin
Agar
Constituent
- Agarose
- agaropectin
Algin
Constituents
- Mannuronic acid (major component),
- Sodium salt of alginic acid (a polymer)
Carrageenan
Components
- K-carrageenan (kappa) – good gelling agent
- i-carrageenan (iota) - good gelling agent
- λ-carrageenan (lambda) – thickener
Psyllium
Constituent
10-30% hydrocolloid
Xanthan Gum
Component
branched, partially acetylated polysaccharide
obtained from unripe sources
Protopectin
obtained from ripe sources
Pectin
obtained from over ripe sources
Pectinic acid
preparation consisting of Kaolin + Pectin
Kaopeptate
(antidiarrheal)
Purified carbohydrate product obtained from the dilute acid extract of the inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits or from apple pomace
Pectin
Pectin
Use
- suspending agent
- antidiarrheal formulations
- protectant
general uses of gums and mucilage
Bulk laxative
Ingredient in dental
adhesives
Pharmaceutic Use uses of gums and mucilage
- Gelling agents
- Emulsifiers
- Tablet binders
- Thickeners
- Suspending agents
- Stabilizers
Acacia Gum
Uses
- Emollient,
- Binder,
- Emulsifying agents,
- Adhesive,
- Demulcent,
- Suspending Agent,
Indian Gum
Use
substitute for Acacia gum
Karaya Gum
Uses
- Bulk laxative (Movicol®),
- Agents forming emulsions and suspensions,
- dental adhesives
- Used lotions, textile and printing, food
Tragacanth
Uses
- Binder and emulsifier (Lozenges)
- Emulsifying agent (oils and resin)
- Adhesive
- Most resistant to acid hydrolysis
- Suspending agent (powder)
- Demulcent and Emollient (cosmetic),
Agar
Uses
- gelling agent (suppositories and surgical lubricants)
- emulsifier,
- laxative,
- suspending agent,
- disintegrant
- culture media
Algin
Uses
- tablet binder
- thickening agent
- suspending agent,
Carrageenan
Use
- Stabilizing agent(emulsions and
suspensions) - bulk laxative
- demulcent
- Toothpaste formulation
Danish Agar
Uses
- Gelling agent
- suspending agent
Psyllium
Uses
Cathartic
Dose: 7.5 g
Guar gum
Uses
- bulk forming laxative,
- thickening agent,
- disintegrating agent
- tablet binder,
Locust bean gum
Uses
- thickener
- stabilizer
Xanthan Gum
Uses
- suspending agent
- Emulsifying
Xanthan Gum
Source
Xanthamonas campestris
High molecular weight microbial gum produced from the action of Xanthamonas campestris on suitable carbohydrates
Xanthan Gum
From red algae; Similar to K-carrageenan
Danish Agar
From red algae / seaweeds; It has higher sulfate ester content than agar
Carrageenan
Description: From Brown seaweeds extracted using a dilute alkali
Algin
Insoluble in cold water
Agar