Glycoside Botanical Source Flashcards
Sacred Bark
Chittern Bark
Bark of Cascava sagrada, Rhamnaceae
Anthraquinone
Constituents:
* Chrysaloin
* Cascarosides
Use
1. Cathartic
Alder Buckthorn
Bark of Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnaceae
Anthraquinone
Constituents
* Franguloside A and B
Aloe
Dried latex and juice of Aloe barbadensis, Liliaceae
Anthraquinone
Constituents
* Barbaloin
Use
1. Excipient for benzoin tincture
2. Cathartic
3. Treatment for burns, abrasions, and skin irritations
4. Moisturizer and emmolient
Rhubarb
Dried rhizome and root of
*Rheum officinale,
R. palmatum, *
*R. nobile *(Indian),
R. webbianum (Himalayan), Polygonaceae
Anthraquinone
Constituents
* Rein anthrone,
* Chrysophanol
Use
1. Cathartic
Senna
Dried leaflets of* Cassia acutifolia* (Alexandria Senna) or
*C. angustifolia *(Tinevelly Senna), Fabaceae
Anthraquinone
Constituents
* A to B: Rhein Anthraquinones
* C to D: Rhein and aloe emodin
Use
1. Cathartic
Goa Powder
Lysogenous cavities in the wood of* Andira araroba*, Fabaceae
Anthraquinone
Constituents
* Chrysarobin
Use
1. Keratolytic Agent
Xyris
Dried stem and leaves of Xyris semifuscata, Xyridaceae
Anthraquinone
Constituents
* Danthron,
* chrysazin
Use
1. Keratolytic Agent
2. manufacture of dyes
Saint John’s Wort
Dried aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum, Clusiaceae
Anthraquinone
Constituents
* Hypericin
* Hyperforin
Use
1. Antidepressant
2. Poison
Spanish Licorice
Dried rhizome and root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae
Saponin
Constituents
* Glycyrrhizin
Use
1. Flavoring agent
2. Demulcent and expectorant
3. Surfactant
4. Dermatological products (Anti inflammatory)
5. Peptic ulcer and Addison’s disease
Yam
Roots of Dioscorea spiculiflora or D. floribunda , Dioscoreaceae
Saponin
Constituents
* Diosgenin
* Botogenin
Use
1. Source of steroids
Ginseng
Roots of Panax ginseng or P. quinquefolius, Araliaceae
Saponin
Constituents
* Panaxosides, Ginsenosides
* Chikusetsusaponin, Panaxans
Use
1. Lowers blood sugar concentration
2. Tonic, stimulant
3. Adaptogenic
4. Conditions of age
Sarsaparilla
Dried roots and rhizomes of Smilax aristolochiaefolia, Liliaceae
Saponin
Constituents
* Sarsapogenin
* smilagenin
Use
1. psoriasis and rheumatism
2. Vehicle and flavoring agen
Wild Black Cherry
Dried stem or bark of Prunus serotina, Rosaceae
Cyanophore
Constituents
* Prunasin
* Prulaurasin
Use
1. Flavored vehicle
2. Sedative and expectorant
Almond
Kernels of Prunus amygdalus, Rosaceae
Cyanophore
Constituents
* Amygdalin
* Emulsin
Use
1. Cough remedy
Apricot Pits
Kernels of Prunus armeniaca, Rosaceae
Cyanophore
Constituents
* Laetrile
* Amygdalin
Use
1. Cough remedy
India sorghum
Sorghum vulgare, Gramineae
Cyanophore
Constituents
* Dhurrin
garden vetch
Vicia angustifolia, Leguminosae
Cyanophore
Constituents
* Vicianin
flax
Linum usitatissimum, Linaceae
Cyanophore
Constituents
* Linamarin
cassava
Manihot utilissima, Euphorbiaceae
Cyanophore
Constituents
* Manihotoxin
Black Mustard
Dried ripe seed of Brassica nigra or B. juncea, Brassicaceae
Glucosinolates
Constituents
* Sinigrin
Use
1.Local irritant
2.Emetic
Garlic
Bulb of Allium sativum, Liliaceae
Glucosinolates
Constituents
* Alliin
Use
1. Enhances blood fibrinolytic activity
2. Antibacterial and hypotensive agent
3. Anti Hyperlipidemic
Buckwheat
Aerial parts of Fagopyrum esculentum, Polygonaceae
Flavonol
Constituents
* Rutin
Use
1. Capillary antihemorrhagic
2. Prolongs the action of epinephrine
Milk Thistle
Aerial part extract of Silybum marianum, Astearceae
Flavonol
Constituents
* Silybin
* Silymarin
Use
1. Hepatoprotective
Green Mist
Dried, ripe fruits of Amni visnaga, Apiaceae
Flavonol
Constituents
* Khellin
* Visnagin
* khellol
Use
1. Potent Vasodilator
2. Adjunct in treatment of bronchial asthma
Passion Flower
Passiflora
Dried aerial parts of Passiflora incarnate, Passifloraceae
Flavonol
Constituents
* Vitexin,
* Orientin
Use
1. Sedative
2. Promote relaxation and for vitality
Orange
Rind of unripe green citrus fruits
Flavonol
Constituents
* Hesperidin
* Citrin
* Rutin
Use
1. Facilitates absorption and retention of Vitamin C
Willow Tree
Bark of Salix purpurea or S. fragilis, Salicaceae
Alcohol
Constituents
* Salicin
* Saligenin
Use
1. Anti-rheumatic
Vanilla
Unripe fruit of Vanilla planifolia, Orchidaceae
Aldehyde
Constituents
* Glucovanillin
* Glucovanillic
Use
1. Anti-rheumatic
Vanilla
synthetic
Coniferin: Pine Trees (Pinus)
Eugenol: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
Lignin: By-product of the pulp industry
Aldehyde
Use
1. Flavoring agent
2. Confectionery and perfumery
Tonka Bean
Dipteryx odorata, Fabaceae
Lactone
Sweet Vernal Gras
Anthoxanthum odoratum, Poaceae
Lactone
Sweet Clover
Melilotus albus, Fabaceae
Lactone
Red Clover
Trifolium pretense, Fabaceae
Lactone
Sweet-scented Bedstraw
Galium triflorum, Rubiaceae
Lactone
Yellow Sweet Clover
Improperly cured leaves of Melilotus officinalis, Leguminaceae
Lactone
Constituent:
* Bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol)
Use:
1. Anticoagulant
Spanish Fly
Dried insect, Cantharis vesicatoria, Meloidae
Lactone
Constituent:
* Cantharidin
Use:
1. Wart removal
2. Aphrodisiac
3. Irritant
4. rubefacient
Bishop’s Weed
Cremocarps of Ammi majus, Apiaceae
Lactone
Constituent:
* Methoxsalen (Xanthotoxin)
Use:
1. repigmentation in idiopathic Vitiligo
2. Symptomatic treatment of severe psoriasis
Bearberry
Dried leaf of Arctostaphylus uva ursi, Ericacaea
Phenol
Constituent:
* Arbutin
* Quercetin
Use:
1. Diuretic and Urinary Antiseptic
2. Astringent
Canadian Wintergreen
Leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, Ericaceae
Phenol
Constituent:
* Gaultherin
Use:
1. Counter-irritant
Foxglove
Fairy gloves
Dried leaf of Digitalis purpurea or D. lanata Scrophulariaceae
Cardiac
Constituent:
* Digitoxin
Lily of the Valley
Dried rhizome and roots of Convallaria majalis, Liliaceae
Cardiac
Constituent:
* Convallatoxin
* Convallatoxol
Use:
1. Congestive Heart Failure
2. Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
3. Atrial Flutter
4. Atrial Fibrillation
Black Indian Hemp
Dog Bane
Dried rhizome and roots of Apocynum cannabinum or A. androsaemifolium, Apocynaceae
Cardiac
Constituent:
* Cymarin
Pheasants Eye
Dried overground portion of Adonis vernalis, Ranunculaceae
Cardiac
Constituent:
* Adonitoxin
* Cymarin
* Strophanthin
Christmas Rose
Dried rhizome of Helleborus niger , Ranunculaceae
Cardiac
Constituent:
* Hellebrin
Rubber Vine
Dried ripe seed of Strophanthus hispidus, Apocynaceae
Cardiac
Constituent:
* K-Strophanthoside
* G-Strophanthoside
Use
1. Diuretic
2. Mild Myocardial Insufficiency