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Pharmacognosy > Glycoside Botanical Source > Flashcards

Glycoside Botanical Source Flashcards

1
Q

Sacred Bark

Chittern Bark

A

Bark of Cascava sagrada, Rhamnaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents:
* Chrysaloin
* Cascarosides

Use
1. Cathartic

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2
Q

Alder Buckthorn

A

Bark of Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Franguloside A and B

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3
Q

Aloe

A

Dried latex and juice of Aloe barbadensis, Liliaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Barbaloin

Use
1. Excipient for benzoin tincture
2. Cathartic
3. Treatment for burns, abrasions, and skin irritations
4. Moisturizer and emmolient

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4
Q

Rhubarb

A

Dried rhizome and root of
*Rheum officinale,
R. palmatum, *
*R. nobile *(Indian),
R. webbianum (Himalayan), Polygonaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Rein anthrone,
* Chrysophanol

Use
1. Cathartic

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5
Q

Senna

A

Dried leaflets of* Cassia acutifolia* (Alexandria Senna) or
*C. angustifolia *(Tinevelly Senna), Fabaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* A to B: Rhein Anthraquinones
* C to D: Rhein and aloe emodin

Use
1. Cathartic

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6
Q

Goa Powder

A

Lysogenous cavities in the wood of* Andira araroba*, Fabaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Chrysarobin

Use
1. Keratolytic Agent

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7
Q

Xyris

A

Dried stem and leaves of Xyris semifuscata, Xyridaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Danthron,
* chrysazin

Use
1. Keratolytic Agent
2. manufacture of dyes

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8
Q

Saint John’s Wort

A

Dried aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum, Clusiaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Hypericin
* Hyperforin

Use
1. Antidepressant
2. Poison

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9
Q

Spanish Licorice

A

Dried rhizome and root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae

Saponin

Constituents
* Glycyrrhizin

Use
1. Flavoring agent
2. Demulcent and expectorant
3. Surfactant
4. Dermatological products (Anti inflammatory)
5. Peptic ulcer and Addison’s disease

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10
Q

Yam

A

Roots of Dioscorea spiculiflora or D. floribunda , Dioscoreaceae

Saponin

Constituents
* Diosgenin
* Botogenin

Use
1. Source of steroids

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11
Q

Ginseng

A

Roots of Panax ginseng or P. quinquefolius, Araliaceae

Saponin

Constituents
* Panaxosides, Ginsenosides
* Chikusetsusaponin, Panaxans

Use
1. Lowers blood sugar concentration
2. Tonic, stimulant
3. Adaptogenic
4. Conditions of age

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12
Q

Sarsaparilla

A

Dried roots and rhizomes of Smilax aristolochiaefolia, Liliaceae

Saponin

Constituents
* Sarsapogenin
* smilagenin

Use
1. psoriasis and rheumatism
2. Vehicle and flavoring agen

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13
Q

Wild Black Cherry

A

Dried stem or bark of Prunus serotina, Rosaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Prunasin
* Prulaurasin

Use
1. Flavored vehicle
2. Sedative and expectorant

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14
Q

Almond

A

Kernels of Prunus amygdalus, Rosaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Amygdalin
* Emulsin

Use
1. Cough remedy

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15
Q

Apricot Pits

A

Kernels of Prunus armeniaca, Rosaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Laetrile
* Amygdalin

Use
1. Cough remedy

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16
Q

India sorghum

A

Sorghum vulgare, Gramineae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Dhurrin

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17
Q

garden vetch

A

Vicia angustifolia, Leguminosae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Vicianin

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18
Q

flax

A

Linum usitatissimum, Linaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Linamarin

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19
Q

cassava

A

Manihot utilissima, Euphorbiaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Manihotoxin

20
Q

Black Mustard

A

Dried ripe seed of Brassica nigra or B. juncea, Brassicaceae

Glucosinolates

Constituents
* Sinigrin

Use
1.Local irritant
2.Emetic

21
Q

Garlic

A

Bulb of Allium sativum, Liliaceae

Glucosinolates

Constituents
* Alliin

Use
1. Enhances blood fibrinolytic activity
2. Antibacterial and hypotensive agent
3. Anti Hyperlipidemic

22
Q

Buckwheat

A

Aerial parts of Fagopyrum esculentum, Polygonaceae

Flavonol

Constituents
* Rutin

Use
1. Capillary antihemorrhagic
2. Prolongs the action of epinephrine

23
Q

Milk Thistle

A

Aerial part extract of Silybum marianum, Astearceae

Flavonol

Constituents
* Silybin
* Silymarin

Use
1. Hepatoprotective

24
Q

Green Mist

A

Dried, ripe fruits of Amni visnaga, Apiaceae

Flavonol

Constituents
* Khellin
* Visnagin
* khellol

Use
1. Potent Vasodilator
2. Adjunct in treatment of bronchial asthma

25
Q

Passion Flower

Passiflora

A

Dried aerial parts of Passiflora incarnate, Passifloraceae

Flavonol

Constituents
* Vitexin,
* Orientin

Use
1. Sedative
2. Promote relaxation and for vitality

26
Q

Orange

A

Rind of unripe green citrus fruits

Flavonol

Constituents
* Hesperidin
* Citrin
* Rutin

Use
1. Facilitates absorption and retention of Vitamin C

27
Q

Willow Tree

A

Bark of Salix purpurea or S. fragilis, Salicaceae

Alcohol

Constituents
* Salicin
* Saligenin

Use
1. Anti-rheumatic

28
Q

Vanilla

A

Unripe fruit of Vanilla planifolia, Orchidaceae

Aldehyde

Constituents
* Glucovanillin
* Glucovanillic

Use
1. Anti-rheumatic

29
Q

Vanilla

synthetic

A

Coniferin: Pine Trees (Pinus)
Eugenol: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
Lignin: By-product of the pulp industry

Aldehyde

Use
1. Flavoring agent
2. Confectionery and perfumery

30
Q

Tonka Bean

A

Dipteryx odorata, Fabaceae

Lactone

31
Q

Sweet Vernal Gras

A

Anthoxanthum odoratum, Poaceae

Lactone

32
Q

Sweet Clover

A

Melilotus albus, Fabaceae

Lactone

33
Q

Red Clover

A

Trifolium pretense, Fabaceae

Lactone

34
Q

Sweet-scented Bedstraw

A

Galium triflorum, Rubiaceae

Lactone

35
Q

Yellow Sweet Clover

A

Improperly cured leaves of Melilotus officinalis, Leguminaceae

Lactone

Constituent:
* Bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol)

Use:
1. Anticoagulant

36
Q

Spanish Fly

A

Dried insect, Cantharis vesicatoria, Meloidae

Lactone

Constituent:
* Cantharidin

Use:
1. Wart removal
2. Aphrodisiac
3. Irritant
4. rubefacient

37
Q

Bishop’s Weed

A

Cremocarps of Ammi majus, Apiaceae

Lactone

Constituent:
* Methoxsalen (Xanthotoxin)

Use:
1. repigmentation in idiopathic Vitiligo
2. Symptomatic treatment of severe psoriasis

38
Q

Bearberry

A

Dried leaf of Arctostaphylus uva ursi, Ericacaea

Phenol

Constituent:
* Arbutin
* Quercetin

Use:
1. Diuretic and Urinary Antiseptic
2. Astringent

39
Q

Canadian Wintergreen

A

Leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, Ericaceae

Phenol

Constituent:
* Gaultherin

Use:
1. Counter-irritant

40
Q

Foxglove

Fairy gloves

A

Dried leaf of Digitalis purpurea or D. lanata Scrophulariaceae

Cardiac

Constituent:
* Digitoxin

41
Q

Lily of the Valley

A

Dried rhizome and roots of Convallaria majalis, Liliaceae

Cardiac

Constituent:
* Convallatoxin
* Convallatoxol

Use:
1. Congestive Heart Failure
2. Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
3. Atrial Flutter
4. Atrial Fibrillation

42
Q

Black Indian Hemp

Dog Bane

A

Dried rhizome and roots of Apocynum cannabinum or A. androsaemifolium, Apocynaceae

Cardiac

Constituent:
* Cymarin

43
Q

Pheasants Eye

A

Dried overground portion of Adonis vernalis, Ranunculaceae

Cardiac

Constituent:
* Adonitoxin
* Cymarin
* Strophanthin

44
Q

Christmas Rose

A

Dried rhizome of Helleborus niger , Ranunculaceae

Cardiac

Constituent:
* Hellebrin

45
Q

Rubber Vine

A

Dried ripe seed of Strophanthus hispidus, Apocynaceae

Cardiac

Constituent:
* K-Strophanthoside
* G-Strophanthoside

Use
1. Diuretic
2. Mild Myocardial Insufficiency

Pharmacognosy (11 decks)

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