Glycoside Botanical Source Flashcards by LEA ROS MANALASTAS

Sacred Bark

Chittern Bark

Bark of Cascava sagrada, Rhamnaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents:
* Chrysaloin
* Cascarosides

Use
1. Cathartic

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Alder Buckthorn

Bark of Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Franguloside A and B

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Aloe

Dried latex and juice of Aloe barbadensis, Liliaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Barbaloin

Use
1. Excipient for benzoin tincture
2. Cathartic
3. Treatment for burns, abrasions, and skin irritations
4. Moisturizer and emmolient

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Rhubarb

Dried rhizome and root of
*Rheum officinale,
R. palmatum, *
*R. nobile *(Indian),
R. webbianum (Himalayan), Polygonaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Rein anthrone,
* Chrysophanol

Use
1. Cathartic

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Senna

Dried leaflets of* Cassia acutifolia* (Alexandria Senna) or
*C. angustifolia *(Tinevelly Senna), Fabaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* A to B: Rhein Anthraquinones
* C to D: Rhein and aloe emodin

Use
1. Cathartic

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Goa Powder

Lysogenous cavities in the wood of* Andira araroba*, Fabaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Chrysarobin

Use
1. Keratolytic Agent

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Xyris

Dried stem and leaves of Xyris semifuscata, Xyridaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Danthron,
* chrysazin

Use
1. Keratolytic Agent
2. manufacture of dyes

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Saint John’s Wort

Dried aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum, Clusiaceae

Anthraquinone

Constituents
* Hypericin
* Hyperforin

Use
1. Antidepressant
2. Poison

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Spanish Licorice

Dried rhizome and root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae

Saponin

Constituents
* Glycyrrhizin

Use
1. Flavoring agent
2. Demulcent and expectorant
3. Surfactant
4. Dermatological products (Anti inflammatory)
5. Peptic ulcer and Addison’s disease

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Yam

Roots of Dioscorea spiculiflora or D. floribunda , Dioscoreaceae

Saponin

Constituents
* Diosgenin
* Botogenin

Use
1. Source of steroids

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Ginseng

Roots of Panax ginseng or P. quinquefolius, Araliaceae

Saponin

Constituents
* Panaxosides, Ginsenosides
* Chikusetsusaponin, Panaxans

Use
1. Lowers blood sugar concentration
2. Tonic, stimulant
3. Adaptogenic
4. Conditions of age

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Sarsaparilla

Dried roots and rhizomes of Smilax aristolochiaefolia, Liliaceae

Saponin

Constituents
* Sarsapogenin
* smilagenin

Use
1. psoriasis and rheumatism
2. Vehicle and flavoring agen

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Wild Black Cherry

Dried stem or bark of Prunus serotina, Rosaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Prunasin
* Prulaurasin

Use
1. Flavored vehicle
2. Sedative and expectorant

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Almond

Kernels of Prunus amygdalus, Rosaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Amygdalin
* Emulsin

Use
1. Cough remedy

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Apricot Pits

Kernels of Prunus armeniaca, Rosaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Laetrile
* Amygdalin

Use
1. Cough remedy

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India sorghum

Sorghum vulgare, Gramineae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Dhurrin

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garden vetch

Vicia angustifolia, Leguminosae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Vicianin

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flax

Linum usitatissimum, Linaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Linamarin

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cassava

Manihot utilissima, Euphorbiaceae

Cyanophore

Constituents
* Manihotoxin

Black Mustard

Dried ripe seed of Brassica nigra or B. juncea, Brassicaceae

Glucosinolates

Constituents
* Sinigrin

Use
1.Local irritant
2.Emetic

Garlic

Bulb of Allium sativum, Liliaceae

Glucosinolates

Constituents
* Alliin

Use
1. Enhances blood fibrinolytic activity
2. Antibacterial and hypotensive agent
3. Anti Hyperlipidemic

Buckwheat

Aerial parts of Fagopyrum esculentum, Polygonaceae

Flavonol

Constituents
* Rutin

Use
1. Capillary antihemorrhagic
2. Prolongs the action of epinephrine

Milk Thistle

Aerial part extract of Silybum marianum, Astearceae

Flavonol

Constituents
* Silybin
* Silymarin

Use
1. Hepatoprotective

Green Mist

Dried, ripe fruits of Amni visnaga, Apiaceae

Flavonol

Constituents
* Khellin
* Visnagin
* khellol

Use
1. Potent Vasodilator
2. Adjunct in treatment of bronchial asthma

Passion Flower | Passiflora

Dried aerial parts of *Passiflora incarnate*, Passifloraceae | Flavonol ## Footnote Constituents * Vitexin, * Orientin Use 1. Sedative 2. Promote relaxation and for vitality

Orange

Rind of unripe green citrus fruits | Flavonol ## Footnote Constituents * Hesperidin * Citrin * Rutin Use 1. Facilitates absorption and retention of Vitamin C

Willow Tree

Bark of *Salix purpurea* or *S. fragilis*, Salicaceae | Alcohol ## Footnote Constituents * Salicin * Saligenin Use 1. Anti-rheumatic

Vanilla

Unripe fruit of *Vanilla planifolia*, Orchidaceae | Aldehyde ## Footnote Constituents * Glucovanillin * Glucovanillic Use 1. Anti-rheumatic

Vanilla | synthetic

Coniferin: Pine Trees (Pinus) Eugenol: Clove (*Syzygium aromaticum*) Lignin: By-product of the pulp industry | Aldehyde ## Footnote Use 1. Flavoring agent 2. Confectionery and perfumery

Tonka Bean

*Dipteryx odorata*, Fabaceae | Lactone

Sweet Vernal Gras

*Anthoxanthum odoratum*, Poaceae | Lactone

Sweet Clover

*Melilotus albus*, Fabaceae | Lactone

Red Clover

*Trifolium pretense*, Fabaceae | Lactone

Sweet-scented Bedstraw

*Galium triflorum*, Rubiaceae | Lactone

Yellow Sweet Clover

Improperly cured leaves of *Melilotus officinalis*, Leguminaceae | Lactone ## Footnote Constituent: * Bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol) Use: 1. Anticoagulant

Spanish Fly

Dried insect, *Cantharis vesicatoria*, Meloidae | Lactone ## Footnote Constituent: * Cantharidin Use: 1. Wart removal 2. Aphrodisiac 3. Irritant 4. rubefacient

Bishop’s Weed

Cremocarps of *Ammi majus*, Apiaceae | Lactone ## Footnote Constituent: * Methoxsalen (Xanthotoxin) Use: 1. repigmentation in idiopathic Vitiligo 2. Symptomatic treatment of severe psoriasis

Bearberry

Dried leaf of *Arctostaphylus uva ursi,* Ericacaea | Phenol ## Footnote Constituent: * Arbutin * Quercetin Use: 1. Diuretic and Urinary Antiseptic 2. Astringent

Canadian Wintergreen

Leaves of *Gaultheria procumbens*, Ericaceae | Phenol ## Footnote Constituent: * Gaultherin Use: 1. Counter-irritant

Foxglove | Fairy gloves

Dried leaf of *Digitalis purpurea* or *D. lanata* Scrophulariaceae | Cardiac ## Footnote Constituent: * Digitoxin

Lily of the Valley

Dried rhizome and roots of *Convallaria majalis*, Liliaceae | Cardiac ## Footnote Constituent: * Convallatoxin * Convallatoxol Use: 1. Congestive Heart Failure 2. Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia 3. Atrial Flutter 4. Atrial Fibrillation

Black Indian Hemp | Dog Bane

Dried rhizome and roots of *Apocynum cannabinum* or *A. androsaemifolium*, Apocynaceae | Cardiac ## Footnote Constituent: * Cymarin

Pheasants Eye

Dried overground portion of *Adonis vernalis*, Ranunculaceae | Cardiac ## Footnote Constituent: * Adonitoxin * Cymarin * Strophanthin

Christmas Rose

Dried rhizome of *Helleborus niger* , Ranunculaceae | Cardiac ## Footnote Constituent: * Hellebrin

Rubber Vine

Dried ripe seed of *Strophanthus hispidus*, Apocynaceae | Cardiac ## Footnote Constituent: * K-Strophanthoside * G-Strophanthoside Use 1. Diuretic 2. Mild Myocardial Insufficiency