HESI GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PART 5 Flashcards
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION FUNCTION:
SUPPLIES BLOOD TO ALL OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY EXCEPT THE LUNGS
WHEN THE DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTS THE VOLUME OF THE CHEST CAVITY ______, AND INDIRECTLY ______ ITS AIR PRESSURE
INCREASES, DECREASES
The release of prolactin during breastfeeding is an example of __________________?
negative or positive feedback
positive feedback
Phrenic nerve function?
The phrenic nerve controls breathing and the movement of the diaphragm. If damage is done to this area the diaphragm will not receive the necessary signals to contract and/or relax, making it extremely difficult or impossible for a person to breathe on their own.
Which sequence outlines the correct flow of blood through the heart?
Blood enters the heart on the right side, collecting in the right atrium. After moving through the right ventricle, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery to travel to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen. The blood returns to the left side of the heart, through the pulmonary vein, going to the left atrium, then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Lastly, the blood leaves the heart through the aorta
What valve is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?
Tricuspid valve
The mitral valve is located between the _____ and _____
left ventricle and left atrium
The aortic valve is the structure between the _____ and _____
left ventricle and the aorta
The only valve located on the right side between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ______
tricuspid valve
The ______ valve and the ______ valve are the same structure which prevent blood backflow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
pulmonary, semilunar
The right side of the heart is associated with which type of circulation?
Pulmonary circulation
The right side of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the ___ and ___
upper and lower parts of the body
The main purpose of the right side of the heart is to __________
collect blood and send it to the lungs to absorb oxygen.
Systemic circulation encompasses sending oxygenated blood, from the ________
left side of the heart, to the upper and lower portions of the body.
During exhalation, the diaphragm does which of the following?
Relaxes and lifts
During exhalation, the air pressure in the lungs must increase greater than atmospheric pressure, to force the air out. To do this, the diaphragm must _____ and ______
relax and lift
Respiration rates are regulated by which of the following?
Increasing levels of carbon dioxide was correct
If carbon dioxide levels become too high, the blood will become ______
acidic
What lobe of the brain is responsible for processing olfactory information?
Temporal
The corpus callosum is not a brain lobe and instead connects :
the two brain hemispheres
_____ controls cognition and motor movement
frontal lobe
The parietal lobe is responsible for ______
controlling body/spatial placement and responses to touch.
Which of the following would be a direct result of lipid depletion in the human body?
A. The increase in the amount of proteins secreted in the body.
B. The decrease in the amount of estrogen produced.
C. The decrease in the permeability of the cellular membrane.
D. The transfer of nuclear membrane lipids to the cytoplasm.
E. The exchange of cytoplasmic lipids with membrane bound proteins.
B. The decrease in the amount of estrogen produced.
In order for the actin filaments to bind to the myosin head, what must occur first?
The sarcomere has to shorten.
Calcium ions must bind to troponin molecules.
Tropomyosin has to attach to the actin binding sites.
Magnesium ions must be released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The Z line has to be lengthened to expose the actin binding site.
Calcium ions must bind to troponin molecules.
The limbic system of the brain is responsible for the regulation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. Vision B. Emotion C. Motor movement D. Speech production E. Metabolic processes
B. Emotion
The permeability of the cellular membrane may _____ with a depletion of lipids as fewer lipids are made to replace damaged phospholipids
increase
The _____ has to be removed from the actin to expose the myosin binding sites
tropomyosin
Motor movement is a function of the motor cortex and speech production is housed in ____ of the brain
Broca’s area.
Which of these shows the correct order of the flow of waste through the large intestine?
A. ascending colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, transverse colon, cecum
B. cecum, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon
C. cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
D. sigmoid colon, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, cecum
C. cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
Which of these is considered the primary pacemaker of the heart? A. aorta B. left ventricle C. SA node D. AV node
C. SA node
What is the normal pH of blood?
A. 7.35-7.45
B. 7.50-7.65
C. 7.0-7.5
D. 7.25-7.35
A. 7.35-7.45
What is the bladder capacity of the average adult?
200 ml
800 ml
500 ml
1,000 ml
500 ml
Which salivary gland produces mostly mucin?
parotid
thyroid
sublingual
submandibular
sublingual
The ____ is the layer of the heart used for contraction that has striated muscle fibers.
myocardium
pericardium
endocardium
decacardium
myocardium
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava?
right atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
left atrium
right atrium
The primary stimulus for breathing is ____.
oxygen in the lungs
carbon dioxide in the lungs
carbon dioxide in the blood
carbon monoxide in the blood
carbon dioxide in the blood
What is not a direct function of the kidney?
regulate O2 levels in the blood
regulate pH
regulate blood volume
regulate blood pressure
regulate O2 levels in the blood
Which is a posterior feature of the human leg? A. Patella B. Quadriceps Sartorius C. Triceps Brachii D. Achilles Tendon
D
What is probably torn in a rotator cuff tear? A. Tendon and possibly ligament B. Muscle and probably tendon C ligament and possibly muscle D. Tendon only
B
Which bones does the rotator cuff help stabilize? A Radius and Humerus B scapula and Clavicle C Humerus and scapula D Ulna and Radius
C
Primary peristalsis occurs in the A esophagus B stomach C nervous system D small intestine
A
Which lobe of the brain controls speech? A frontal B parietal C temporal D occipital
C
When are gallstones problematic ? A when they block a duct B when they contain cholesterol C when they contain bilirubin D when they begin to dissolve
A
Where a might a gallstone be most likely to create pain? A upper right quadrant B lower right quadrant C umbilical región D among pelvic girdle
A.
How many bones are in the human foot? A. 6 B. 16 C.26 D.36
C
The retinas are part of the : A skeletal system B nervous system C lymphatic system D circulatory system
B
Which organ system is primarily responsible for maintaining temperature control? A skeletal B digestive C nervous D integumentary
D
Which is another name for thiamine? A B1 B B3 C B12 D vitamin D
A
The anterior chamber of the eye lies between the: A Iris and lens B lens and retina C cornea and iris D Retina and optic nerve
C
Which of the following is the average normal body temperature in degrees Celsius? A 30 B 32 C 35 D 37
D
The sebaceous glands are part of the : A endocrine system B digestive system C respiratory system D integumentary system
D
Which mineral is considered an antioxidant? A selenium B calcium C sulfur D iron
A
