HESI GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PART 5

Question 1

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION FUNCTION:

Answer 1

SUPPLIES BLOOD TO ALL OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY EXCEPT THE LUNGS

Question 2

WHEN THE DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTS THE VOLUME OF THE CHEST CAVITY ______, AND INDIRECTLY ______ ITS AIR PRESSURE

Answer 2

INCREASES, DECREASES

Question 3

The release of prolactin during breastfeeding is an example of __________________?

negative or positive feedback

Answer 3

positive feedback

Question 4

Phrenic nerve function?

Answer 4

The phrenic nerve controls breathing and the movement of the diaphragm. If damage is done to this area the diaphragm will not receive the necessary signals to contract and/or relax, making it extremely difficult or impossible for a person to breathe on their own.

Question 5

Which sequence outlines the correct flow of blood through the heart?

Answer 5

Blood enters the heart on the right side, collecting in the right atrium. After moving through the right ventricle, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery to travel to the lungs to release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen. The blood returns to the left side of the heart, through the pulmonary vein, going to the left atrium, then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Lastly, the blood leaves the heart through the aorta

Question 6

What valve is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

Answer 6

Tricuspid valve

Question 7

The mitral valve is located between the _____ and _____

Answer 7

left ventricle and left atrium

Question 8

The aortic valve is the structure between the _____ and _____

Answer 8

left ventricle and the aorta

Question 9

The only valve located on the right side between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ______

Answer 9

tricuspid valve

Question 10

The ______ valve and the ______ valve are the same structure which prevent blood backflow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Answer 10

pulmonary, semilunar

Question 11

The right side of the heart is associated with which type of circulation?

Answer 11

Pulmonary circulation

Question 12

The right side of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the ___ and ___

Answer 12

upper and lower parts of the body

Question 13

The main purpose of the right side of the heart is to __________

Answer 13

collect blood and send it to the lungs to absorb oxygen.

Question 14

Systemic circulation encompasses sending oxygenated blood, from the ________

Answer 14

left side of the heart, to the upper and lower portions of the body.

Question 15

During exhalation, the diaphragm does which of the following?

Answer 15

Relaxes and lifts

Question 16

During exhalation, the air pressure in the lungs must increase greater than atmospheric pressure, to force the air out. To do this, the diaphragm must _____ and ______

Answer 16

relax and lift

Question 17

Respiration rates are regulated by which of the following?

Answer 17

Increasing levels of carbon dioxide was correct

Question 18

If carbon dioxide levels become too high, the blood will become ______

Answer 18

acidic

Question 19

What lobe of the brain is responsible for processing olfactory information?

Answer 19

Temporal

Question 20

The corpus callosum is not a brain lobe and instead connects :

Answer 20

the two brain hemispheres

Question 21

_____ controls cognition and motor movement

Answer 21

frontal lobe

Question 22

The parietal lobe is responsible for ______

Answer 22

controlling body/spatial placement and responses to touch.

Question 23

Which of the following would be a direct result of lipid depletion in the human body?
A. The increase in the amount of proteins secreted in the body.
B. The decrease in the amount of estrogen produced.
C. The decrease in the permeability of the cellular membrane.
D. The transfer of nuclear membrane lipids to the cytoplasm.
E. The exchange of cytoplasmic lipids with membrane bound proteins.

Answer 23

B. The decrease in the amount of estrogen produced.

Question 24

In order for the actin filaments to bind to the myosin head, what must occur first?
The sarcomere has to shorten.
Calcium ions must bind to troponin molecules.
Tropomyosin has to attach to the actin binding sites.
Magnesium ions must be released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The Z line has to be lengthened to expose the actin binding site.

Answer 24

Calcium ions must bind to troponin molecules.

Question 25

``` The limbic system of the brain is responsible for the regulation of ___________? A. Vision B. Emotion C. Motor movement D. Speech production E. Metabolic processes ```

Answer 25

B. Emotion

Question 26

The permeability of the cellular membrane may _____ with a depletion of lipids as fewer lipids are made to replace damaged phospholipids

Answer 26

increase

Question 27

The _____ has to be removed from the actin to expose the myosin binding sites

Answer 27

tropomyosin

Question 28

Motor movement is a function of the motor cortex and speech production is housed in ____ of the brain

Answer 28

Broca's area.

Question 29

Which of these shows the correct order of the flow of waste through the large intestine? A. ascending colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, transverse colon, cecum B. cecum, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon C. cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon D. sigmoid colon, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, cecum

Answer 29

C. cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Question 30

``` Which of these is considered the primary pacemaker of the heart? A. aorta B. left ventricle C. SA node D. AV node ```

Answer 30

C. SA node

Question 31

What is the normal pH of blood? A. 7.35-7.45 B. 7.50-7.65 C. 7.0-7.5 D. 7.25-7.35

Answer 31

A. 7.35-7.45

Question 32

What is the bladder capacity of the average adult? 200 ml 800 ml 500 ml 1,000 ml

Answer 32

500 ml

Question 33

Which salivary gland produces mostly mucin? parotid thyroid sublingual submandibular

Answer 33

sublingual

Question 34

The ____ is the layer of the heart used for contraction that has striated muscle fibers. myocardium pericardium endocardium decacardium

Answer 34

myocardium

Question 35

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava? right atrium right ventricle left ventricle left atrium

Answer 35

right atrium

Question 36

The primary stimulus for breathing is ____. oxygen in the lungs carbon dioxide in the lungs carbon dioxide in the blood carbon monoxide in the blood

Answer 36

carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 37

What is not a direct function of the kidney? regulate O2 levels in the blood regulate pH regulate blood volume regulate blood pressure

Answer 37

regulate O2 levels in the blood

Question 38

``` Which is a posterior feature of the human leg? A. Patella B. Quadriceps Sartorius C. Triceps Brachii D. Achilles Tendon ```

Answer 38

D

Question 39

``` What is probably torn in a rotator cuff tear? A. Tendon and possibly ligament B. Muscle and probably tendon C ligament and possibly muscle D. Tendon only ```

Answer 39

B

Question 40

``` Which bones does the rotator cuff help stabilize? A Radius and Humerus B scapula and Clavicle C Humerus and scapula D Ulna and Radius ```

Answer 40

C

Question 41

``` Primary peristalsis occurs in the A esophagus B stomach C nervous system D small intestine ```

Answer 41

A

Question 42

``` Which lobe of the brain controls speech? A frontal B parietal C temporal D occipital ```

Answer 42

C

Question 43

``` When are gallstones problematic ? A when they block a duct B when they contain cholesterol C when they contain bilirubin D when they begin to dissolve ```

Answer 43

A

Question 44

``` Where a might a gallstone be most likely to create pain? A upper right quadrant B lower right quadrant C umbilical región D among pelvic girdle ```

Answer 44

A.

Question 45

``` How many bones are in the human foot? A. 6 B. 16 C.26 D.36 ```

Answer 45

C

Question 46

``` The retinas are part of the : A skeletal system B nervous system C lymphatic system D circulatory system ```

Answer 46

B

Question 47

``` Which organ system is primarily responsible for maintaining temperature control? A skeletal B digestive C nervous D integumentary ```

Answer 47

D

Question 48

``` Which is another name for thiamine? A B1 B B3 C B12 D vitamin D ```

Answer 48

A

Question 49

``` The anterior chamber of the eye lies between the: A Iris and lens B lens and retina C cornea and iris D Retina and optic nerve ```

Answer 49

C

Question 50

``` Which of the following is the average normal body temperature in degrees Celsius? A 30 B 32 C 35 D 37 ```

Answer 50

D

Question 51

``` The sebaceous glands are part of the : A endocrine system B digestive system C respiratory system D integumentary system ```

Answer 51

D

Question 52

``` Which mineral is considered an antioxidant? A selenium B calcium C sulfur D iron ```

Answer 52

A