HESI GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PART 4 Flashcards
1
Q
CRANIAL CAVITY IS SURROUNDED BY:
A
THE SKULL AND CONTAINS ORGANS SUCH AS THE BRAIN AND PITUITARY CAVITY
2
Q
THORACIC CAVITY IS ENCIRCLED BY WHAT AND CONTAINS WHAT ORGANS?
A
ENCIRCLED BY: STERNUM AND RIBS
CONTAINS: LUNGS, HEART, TRACHEA, ESOPHAGUS, AND BRONCHIAL TUBES
3
Q
ABDOMINAL CAVITY IS SEPARATED FROM THE THORACIC CAVITY BY THE:
A
DIAPHRAGM
4
Q
WHAT ORGANS DOES THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY CONTAIN:
A
STOMACH, GALL BLADDER, LIVER, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE
5
Q
WHAT HOLDS ABDOMINAL ORGANS TOGETHER?
A
PERITONEUM
6
Q
PELVIC CAVITY IS ENCLOSED BY:
A
PELVIS OR BONES OF THE HIP
7
Q
ORGANS IN THE PELVIC CAVITY:
A
BLADDER, UETHRA, URETERS, ANUS, AND RECTUM
CONTAINS REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
8
Q
SPINAL CAVITY IS SURROUNDED BY WHAT:
A
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
9
Q
HOW MANY REGIONS DOES THE VERTEBRAL COLUMNS HAVE:
A
5
10
Q
WHAT ARE THE FIVE REGIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN?
A
CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR, SACRAL, COCCYGEAL
11
Q
CERVICAL IS RELATING TO:
A
NECK
12
Q
CLAVICULAR IS RELATING TO THE :
A
CLAVICLE/COLLAR BONE
13
Q
OCULAR RELATING TO:
A
THE EYES
14
Q
ACROMIAL RELATING TO THE:
A
SHOULDER
15
Q
CUBITAL RELATING TO:
A
ELBOW
16
Q
BRACHIAL RELATING TO:
A
ARM
17
Q
CARPAL RELATING TO:
A
WRIST
18
Q
THORACIC RELATING TO THE:
A
CHEST
19
Q
ABDOMINAL RELATING TO :
A
ABDOMEN
20
Q
PUBIC RELATING TO THE:
A
GROIN
21
Q
PELVIC RELATING TO:
A
PELVIS OR BONES OF THE HIPS
22
Q
FEMORAL RELATING TO:
A
FEMUR OR THIGH BONE
23
Q
GENICULATE RELATING TO:
A
KNEE
24
Q
PEDAL RELATING TO:
A
FOOT
25
PALMAR RELATING TO:
PALM OF HAND
26
PLANTAR RELATING TO:
SOLE OF FOOT
27
RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC IS WHAT REGION:
REGION BELOW THE CARTILAGE OF THE RIBS
28
EPIGASTRIC IS WHAT REGION:
REGION ABOVE STOMACH BETWEEN HYPOCHONDRIAC REGIONS
29
RIGHT LUMBAR:
REGION OF THE WAIST
30
UMBILLICAL:
REGION BETWEEN LUMBAR REGIONS WHERE THE UMBILICUS OR BELLY BUTTON IS LOCATED
31
LEFT LUMBAR IS WHAT REGION:
REGION OF WAIST
32
RIGHT INGUAL IS WHAT REGION:
GROIN
33
HYPOGASTRIC IS WHAT REGION:
REGION BELOW STOMACH BETWEEN INGUINAL REGIONS
34
LEFT INGUINAL REGION:
REGION OF THE GROIN
35
SQUAMOUS ARE CELLS WITH WHAT SHAPE:
FLAT
36
CUBOIDAL ARE CELLS IN WHAT SHAPE:
CUBE
37
WHAT ARE THE THREE LAYERS OF SKIN:
EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, AND HYPODERMIS
38
WHAT DOES THE HYPODERMIS DO:
BELOW THE DERMIS AND CONTAINS FAT AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE
IMPORTANT FOR INSULATION
39
THE OUTER EPIDERMIS IS COMPOSED OF:
DEAD CELLS
40
THE MOST INNER EPIDERMAL TISSUE IS A SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS CALLED:
STRATUM BASALE
41
THE STRATUM BASALE IS COMPOSED OF:
RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS THAT PUSH OLD CELLS TO THE SKIN'S SURFACE
42
THE DERMIS CONTAINS:
SUPPORTING COLLAGEN FIBERS PEPPERED WITH NERVES, BLOOD VESSELS, HAIR FOLLICLES, SWEAT GLANDS, OIL GLANDS, AND SMOOTH MUSCLES
43
SEBUM FUNCTIONS:
moisturize skin, prevents water loss, keeps skin elastic, its slight acidity provides a chemical defense against bacterial and fungal infections
44
Eccrine glands are:
sweat glands not attached to hair follicles
45
WHICH SWEAT GLANDS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THERMOREGULATION?
ECCRINE GLANDS
46
WHICH GLANDS REMOVE BODILY WASTE BY SECRETING WATE AND ELECTROLYTES?
ECCRINE GLANDS
47
WHAT ARE APOCRINE GLANDS?
SWEAT GLANDS ATTACHED TO HAIR FOLLICLES
48
WHEN ARE APOCRINE GLANDS ACTIVE?
POST PUBERTY
49
WHEN ARE APOCRINE GLANDS STIMULATED?
50
STESS AND AROUSAL
51
WHICH GLANDS SECRETE A THICKER, VISCOUS SUBSTANCE THAT IS ATTRACTIVE TO BACTERIA?
APOCRINE GLANDS
52
WHICH GLANDS LEAD TO THE UNPLEASANT SMELL IN ARMPITS, FEET, AND GROIN?
APOCRINE GLANDS
53
YELLOW BONE MARROW STORES ______
LIPIDS AND FATS
54
RED BONE MARROW PRODUCES _____
RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS AS WELL AS PLATELETS
55
THE PROCESS THAT RESULTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS AS WELL AS PLATELETS IS CALLED:
HEMOPOEISIS
56
TENDONS ATTACH ____ TO ____
BONES TO MUSCLES
57
THE VERTEBRAE ARE ____ JOINTS
CARTILAGINOUS
58
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS HAVE SPACES BETWEEN THEM FILLED WITH :
CUSHION LIKE INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS THAT ACT AS SHOCK ABSORBERS
59
WHAT ARE FIBROUS JOINTS:
HAVE FIBROUS TISSUE BETWEEN THE BONES AND NO CAVITY BETWEEN THEM, THEY ARE FIXED JOINTS AND ARE IMMOBILE
60
FIBROUS JOINTS ARE FOUND IN THE :
SKULL
61
COMPACT BONES HAVE A ____ SYSTEM
HAVERSIAN
62
WHAT IS THE HAVERSIAN SYSTEM COMPOSED OF:
EMBEDDED BLOOD VESSELS, LYMPH VESSELS, AND NERVE BUNDLES THAT SPAN THE INTERIOR OF THE BONE FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER
63
WHAT ARE THE CANALS OF VOLKMANN:
BRANCH FROM THE CENTRAL CANAL TO THE SURFACE OF THE BONE WHICH DELIVER MATERIALS TO PERIPHERAL OSTEOCYTES
64
WHAT ARE LAMALLE?
CONCENTRIC CIRCLES SURROUDING CENTRAL Haversian canal
65
LACUNAE ARE:
GAPS BETWEEN LAMALLAE WHERE OSTEOCYTES ARE EMBEDDED
66
WHAT ARE TRABECULAE:
BEAMS OF TISSUE THAT ADD SUPPORT
67
WHAT IS CARTILAGE:
FLEXIBLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE MADE OF COLLAGEN AN DTHE FLEXIBLE ELASTIN
68
DOES CARTILAGE HAVE BLOOD VESSELS?
NO
69
HOW DOES CARTILAGE OBTAIN MATERIALS?
DIFFUSION
70
MUSCLES THAT WORK TOGETHER ARE CALLED:
SYNERGISTS
71
SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE MADE OF BUNDLES OF LONG ____. THESE FIBERS CONTAIN _____ WHICH ARE MADE UP OF ALTERNATING ______. THE THICKER MYOSIN FILAMENTS ARE IN BETWEEN THE SMALLER ACTIN FILAMENTS IN A UNIT CALLED A ____
FIBERS, MYOFIBRILS, FILAMENTS, SARCOMERE
72
ACTIN FILAMENTS ARE ATTACHED TO THE ____ LINE AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS ARE ATTACHED TO THE ____
Z LINE, M LINE
73
THE SLIDING FILAMENT MODEL OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION IS DEPENDENT ON:
MYOSIN MOLECULES FORMING AND BREAKING CROSS-BRIDGES WITH ACTIN IN ORDER TO PULL THE ACTIN FILAMENTS CLOSER TO THE M LINE
74
SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE CONTROLLED BY _____
NERVOUS SYSTEM
75
MOTOR NEURONS CONNECT TO MUSCLE FIBERS VIA _____
NUEROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS
76
MOTOR NEURONS MUST RELEASE THE NEUROTRANSMITTER ______ WHICH RELEASES CALCIUM IONS TO STIMULATE MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGING AND CONTRACTION
ACETYLCHOLINE
77
ACETYLCHOLINE TRIGGERS THE RELEASE OF WHAT TO STIMULATE WHAT:
RELEASES CALCIUM IONS TO STIMULATE MYOSIN CROSS BRIDGING AND CONTRACTION
78
HOW MANY NUCLEI DOES SMOOTH MUSCLE HAVE:
1
79
SMOOTH MUSCLES OPERATE VIA _____ WHICH SEND IMPULSES DIRECTLY FOM CELL TO CELL
GAP JUNCTIONS
80
CARDIAC MUSCLE _____ (DOES/DOES NOT) HAVE STRIATIONS
DOES
81
WHAT ARE NEUROGLIA
CONNECT AND SUPPORT THE NEURONS
82
MOTOR NEURONS USE _____ AND _____ AND CHANNELS IN ORDER TO MAKE ACTION POTENTIALS OCCUR
SODIUM, POTASSIUM
83
DENDRITES ARE:
RECEIVE ELECTRICAL SIGNALS FROM OTHER NEURONS ACROSS SMALL GAPS CALLED SYNAPSES
THEY ARE THE BRANCHES COMING OUT OF THE CELL BODY
84
THE NERVE CELL BODY IS:
THE HUB OF PROCESSING AND PROTEIN MANUFACTURE FOR THE NEURON
85
AXON :
TRANSMITS SIGNAL FROM CELL BODY TO OTHER NEURONS
THE SINGLE LONG PROJECTION
86
TERMINALS:
BRIDGE THE NEURON TO DENDRITES OF OTHER NEURONS AND DELIVER THE SIGNAL VIA CHEMICAL MESSENGERS CALLED NEUROTRANSMITTERS
87
WHICH SYSTEM IS DIVIDING INTO TWO DIVISIONS, THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OR THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?
PNS
88
THE FOREBRAIN CONSISTS OF:
CEREBRUM, THALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, AND THE REST OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM
89
FRONTAL LOBE FUNCTIONS:
VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT, JUDGEMENT, PROBLEM SOLVING, PLANNING
90
TEMPORAL LOBE FUNCTION:
HEARING AND LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION
91
PARIETAL LOBE FUNCTION:
PROCESSES SENSORY INPUT FROM SKIN
92
OCCIPITAL LOBE FUNCTION:
PROCESSES VISUAL INPUT FROM EYES
93
HIPPOCAMPUS FUNCTION:
PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN MEMORY
94
AMYGDALA FUNCTION:
INVOLVED IN EMOTIONAL RESPONSES LIKE FEAR AND ANGER
95
MIDBRAIN FUNCTIONS:
ALERTNESS, SLEEP/WAKE CYCLES, TEMP REGULATION
96
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA FUNCTION:
PRODUCES MELATONIN
97
MEDULLA OBLONGATA:
BREATHING, SWALLOWING, REGULATION OF HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE
98
WHAT FORMS THE BRAIN STEM?
MIDBRAIN AND MEDULLA OBLONGATA
99
CEREBELLUM FUNCTION:
POSTURE, BALANCE, AND MUSCULAR COORDINATION
100
PNS RELAYS INFO BETWEEN ____ AND _____
CNS AND REST OF BODY
101
AUTONOMIC NS FUNCTIONS:
INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT, BODY FUNCTIONS, BREATHING, HEART RATE, DIGESTION, TEMP, AND BP
102
THE AUTONOMIC NS IS DIVIDED INTO THE :
SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC
103
PARASYMPATHETIC FUNCTIONS:
REST AND DIGEST
DECREASE HEART RATE, DECREASE BREATHING, PREPARE DIGESTION, ALLOW URINATION
104
SYMPATHETIC NS FUNCTION:
FIGHT OR FLIGHT, INCREASE HEART RATE AND BREATHING
| INHIBIT DIGESTION, URINATION, EXCRETION
105
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:
GOVERNS VOLUNTARY CONTROL OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
106
AFFERENT NEURONS CARRY:
SENSORY MESSAGES FROM SKELETAL MUSCLES, SKIN, OR SENSORY ORGANS TO THE CNS
107
EFFERENT NUERONS RELAY:
MOTOR MESSAGES FROM CNS TO SKELETAL MUSCLES, SKIN, OR SENSORY ORGANS
108
HYPOTHALAMUS FUNCTIONS:
CONNECTS NEROUS SYSTEM TO ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BECAUSE IT RECIEVES SENSORY INFO THROUGH NERVES AND IT SENDS INSTRUCTIONS VIA HORMONES DELIVERED TO THE PITUITARY
109
PITUITARY GLAND FUNCTION:
SECRETES GROWTH HORMONE AND HORMONES THAT CONTROL REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, CHILDBIRTH, NURSING, BLOOD OSMOLARITY, AND METABOLISM
110
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IS ALSO CALLED THE:
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
111
BLOOD VESSELS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
TRANSPORTING BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE BODY
112
ARTERIES CARRY BLOOD FROM:
THE HEART TO THE REST OF THE BODY
113
VEINS CARRY BLOOD FROM:
THE BODY BACK TO THE HEART
114
CAPILLARIES CONNECT:
ARTERIES TO VEINS AND FORM NETWORKS THAT EXCHANGE MATERIALS BETWEEN BLOOD AND CELLS
115
COTINUOUS CAPILLARIES ARE:
MADE UP OF EPITHELIAL CELLS TIGHTLY CONNECTED TOGETHER
LIMIT THE TYPES OF MATERIALS THAT CAN PASS INTO AND OUT OF THE BLOOD
116
FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES ARE:
HAVE OPENINGS THAT ALLOW MATERIALS TO BE FREELY EXCHANGED BETWEEN BLOOD AND TISSUES
117
WHERE ARE FENESTRATED ARTERIES COMMONLY FOUND?
DIGESTIVE, ENDOCRINE, AND URINARY SYSTEM
118
SINUSOIDAL CAPILLARIES HAVE:
LARGER OPENINGS AND ALLOW PROTEINS AND CELLS THROUGH
119
SINUSOIDAL CAPILLARIES ARE MOSTLY FOUND:
LIVER, SPLEEN, BONE MARROW
120
MONOCYTES FUNCTION:
EAT AND DESTROY INVADERS LIKE BACTERIA AND VIRUSES
121
LYMPHOCYTES FUNCTIONS:
RESPONSIBLE FOR ANTIBODY CREATION IN THE DEFENSE AGAINST INVASIVE ORGANISMS AND INFECTIONS
122
NEUTROPHILS FUNCTIONS:
TAKE OUT BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL ORGANISMS
123
WHICH WHITE BLOOD CELL IS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTIONS?
NEUTROPHILS
124
WHICH IS THE MOST ABUNDANT WHITE BLOOD CELL?
NEUTROPHILS
125
____ ARE MAST CELLS THAT SECRETE HISTAMINES
BASOPHILS
126
WHAT IS HISTAMINE?
THE SUBSTANCE RESPONSIBLE FOR ITCHING ASSOCIATED WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES
127
EOSINIPHILS FUNCTION:
TARGET PARASITES AND CANCER CELLS
128
WHICH WHITE BLOOD CELLS ARE PART OF THE BODY'S ALLERGIC RESPONSE?
EOSINOPHILS
129
WHICH WHITE BLOOD CELLS HAVE LOW PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY AND PRIMARILY DESTRUCTIVE ENZYMES
EOSINOPHILS
130
DIASTOLE IS:
THE PHASE DURING WHICH THE HEART RELAXES AND FILLS WITH BLOOD
131
SYSTOLE IS:
PHASE DURING WHICH THE HEART CONTRACTS AND DISCHARGES BLOOD
132
THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA IS A LARGE VEIN THAT:
DRAINS BLOOD FROM THE HEAD AND THE UPPER BODY
133
THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA IS A LARGE VEIN THAT:
DRAINS BLOOD FROM THE LOWER BODY
134
THE AORTA IS THE LARGEST ARTERY IN THE HUMAN BODY AND CARRIES BLOOD FROM:
THE HEART TO BODY TISSUES
135
THE PULMONARY ARTERIES CARRY:
BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE LUNGS
136
THE PULMONARY VEINS TRANSPORT BLOOD FROM:
THE LUNGS TO THE HEART
137
PULMONARY CIRCULATION FUNCTION:
SUPPLIES BLOOD TO LUNGS
