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Hesi A and P review > HESI A AND P GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PART 3 > Flashcards

HESI A AND P GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PART 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anterior to the esophagus?

A. Trachea
B. Lungs
C. Bronchioles
D. Larynx

A

A. Trachea

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2
Q

The neck is _______ to the face.

A

inferior

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3
Q

The chin is ______ to the navel.

A

superior

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4
Q

The rib cage is ______ to the heart.

A

ventral

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5
Q

The nose is _____ to the eyes.

A

medial

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6
Q

The ears are_____ to the eyes

A

lateral

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7
Q

The fingers are _____ to the wrist.

A

distal

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8
Q

The wrist is ____ to the fingers.

A

proximal

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9
Q

ANOTHER WORD FOR ANTERIOR IS:

A

VENTRAL

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10
Q

Osteogenic Cells are:

A

the only bone cells that divide and become osteoblasts

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11
Q

Osteoblasts are:

A

cells that secrete matrix for bone formation

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12
Q

Osteocytes are:

A

bone cells embedded in the matrix

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13
Q

The Haversian Canal are:

A

tiny tubes that form a network to communicate with bones and their blood vessels

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14
Q

Types of Synovial Joints:

A

ball and socket (shoulder and hip), hinge (elbow and knee)

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15
Q

Epimysium:

A

Outermost layer

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16
Q

Perimysium:

A

Surrounds muscles fibers

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17
Q

Endomysium:

A

Deepest layer of muscles

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18
Q

Zygomaticus is located where:

A

cheek area

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19
Q

Zygomaticus function:

A

It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly to allow one to smile.

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20
Q

Temporalis location and function:

A

primarily close the jaw while the middle fibers bilaterally retrude the mandible. Acting unilaterally, the temporalis muscle deviates the mandible to the same side.

This muscle’s action is to move the mandible up, back, and side-to-side. These movements allow the temporalis muscle to play an important role in biting and chewing food.

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21
Q

rectus femoris function:

A

The rectus femoris is the most superficial of the quadriceps muscles alongside the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis.

The primary function is knee extension. It also assists with hip flexion. The rectus femoris can perform these two functions simultaneously

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22
Q

vastus lateralis function:

A

the largest and most powerful part of the quadriceps femoris, a muscle in the thigh. Together with other muscles of the quadriceps group, it serves to extend the knee joint, moving the lower leg forward.

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23
Q

vastus medialis function:

A

Vastus medialis, together with the other muscles that make up quadriceps femoris, extends the knee jointand it also contributes to correct tracking of the patella.

It also is active in maintaining thigh and kneecap position while walking and running.

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24
Q

vastus intermedius function:

A

Vastus Intermedius is the deepest of the four quadriceps muscles, which work together to straighten the knee. It plays a significant role in stepping activities such as climbing stairs, as well as in squatting down.

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25
Q

Gastrocnemius function:

A

the chief muscle of the calf of the leg, which flexes the knee and foot. It runs to the Achilles tendon from two heads attached to the femur.

the main plantarflexor of the ankle joint. The muscle is also a powerful knee flexor. It is not able to exert full power at both joints simultaneously, for example when the knee is flexed, gastrocnemius is unable to generate as much force at the ankle

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26
Q

Deltoid function:

A

Deltoid muscles help you move your arms in different directions. They also protect and stabilize your shoulder joint

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27
Q

Pectoralis major function:

A

Its major actions are adduction, or depression, of the arm (in opposition to the action of the deltoideus muscle) and rotation of the arm forward about the axis of the body.

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28
Q

Pectoralis minor function:

A

stabilization, depression, abduction or protraction, internal rotation and downward rotation of the scapula.

29
Q

Serratus anterior function:

A

all three parts of the serratus anterior muscle work together to lift the ribs, assisting with respiration. The serratus anterior, also known as the “boxer’s muscle,” is largely responsible for the protraction of the scapula, a movement that occurs when throwing a punch

30
Q

Both flows will always go from the VEINS, ATRIUM VALVE VENTRICLE VALVE again and then finally out of the _____

A

ARTERY.

31
Q

deoxygenated flow will start from the ____ side and the oxygenated fresh flow will start from the _____ side of the heart.

A

right , left

32
Q

Epicardium is:

A

The outermost layer and is in contact with the serous connective layer called the pericardium

33
Q

Myocardium is:

A

The second layer of the heart including the cardiac walls which lets the blood flows in and out

34
Q

Endocardium is:

A

Made up of the simple squamous epithelium cells and lines the inside of the heart chambers and the surface of the valves

35
Q

T cells are:

A

lymphocytes (white blood cells) are produced in the bone marrow, then move into the thymus, which is what the “t” stands for

36
Q

B cells are:

A

lymphocytes which are produced in the bone marrow and are the surveillance for pathogens

37
Q

Thymus is:

A

an organ which lies behind the sternum and in front of the trachea, t cells are stored here and is at its largest size during childhood

38
Q

Basophil are:

A

white blood cells with granulocytes, least common of all other granulocytes

39
Q

Eosinophil are:

A

white blood cells which are “acidic loving” granulocytes

40
Q

Neutrophil are:

A

white blood cells with granulocytes and most abundant in our blood

41
Q

Plasma/Thrombocytes are:

A

platelets and cell fragments that do not have a nucleus but help in creating blood clotsz

42
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is:

A

secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and acts on the kidney to preserve fluid and electrolyte balance by increasing water reabsorption

43
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is:

A

secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and occurs midway through the menstrual cycle, it triggers ovulation and creates the corpus luteum

44
Q

Follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) is:

A

secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and helps eggs mature and causes the menstrual cycle to start in females at puberty.

45
Q

Prolactin is:

A

secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for milk production; lactation

46
Q

Estrogen is:

A

produced in the sex organs and promotes growth and development in females

47
Q

Testosterone is:

A

produced in the sex organs and promotes growth and development in males

48
Q

Aldosterone is:

A

produced by the adrenal gland and increases reabsorption of sodium ions (and eventually water like ADH) from the nephron

49
Q

Oxytocin is:

A

secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and triggers childbirth

50
Q

Serotonin is:

A

the main hormone for regulating mood and feelings of well-being

51
Q

Pituitary gland is:

A

at the base of the brain, right under the hypothalamus, and is considered the “master” gland because it affects other glands in the body

52
Q

Pineal gland is:

A

situated right between the two brain hemispheres and produces the hormone melatonin which modulates sleep patterns

53
Q

Adrenal gland is:

A

found on top of the kidney and secretes cortisol

54
Q

Parathyroid gland regulates:

A

the amount of calcium that flows into the blood and bones

55
Q

Hypothalamus is:

A

an organ in the brain that is responsible for keeping our body at homeostasis, it is considered the “command center’ of the brain” and is anatomically attached to the pituitary gland and therefore controls body temp., fatigue, hunger, and thirst.

56
Q

Cerebellum function:

A

directs motor control (muscle coordination), balance, and equilibrium

57
Q

Cerebrum function:

A

assists with motor control and cognitive functions such as learning

58
Q

Medulla oblongata function:

A

brain stem of the brain which connects the spinal cord to the brain; controls autonomic functions (parasympathetic, sympathetic)

59
Q

Olfactory nerve function:

A

sensory component for the sense of smell

60
Q

Optic nerve function:

A

registers visual information

61
Q

Vagus nerve function

A

slows down the heart rate

62
Q

Retina is:

A

a layer in the back of the eyeball, where visual images are formed

63
Q

Rods are:

A

cells that are responsible for seeing in dim, dark lighting

64
Q

Cones are:

A

cells that are responsible for color, and seeing in bright light

65
Q

Iris is the:

A

color portion of the eye, in the image below it’s a hazel blue

66
Q

Vitreous Humor is:

A

gel-like fluid that fills the eyeball

67
Q

Fovea centralis is:

A

a cavity in the eye that holds the cone cells

68
Q

Fallopian Tubes function:

A

The tubes in which the eggs travel from the ovaries to reach the uterus

Hesi A and P review (7 decks)

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