HESI A and P General Knowledge Flashcards
Anterior Muscle
muscles at the front of the body
Quadriceps Femoris Location:
form the bulk of the thigh, front of leg
Quadriceps Femoris function:
hip flexor and knee extensor
one of the most powerful muscles in the body
The _____ muscle is one of the most powerful muscles in the body
Quadriceps Femoris
Biceps Femoris location:
posterior compartment of the thigh
Biceps Femoris Muscle:
flexion of the knee, lateral rotator of the lower leg on the knee
with the hip extended, it is the lateral rotator of the knee
Adductor Magnus location:
large triangular muscle of the lower limb, apex situated on hip bone
situated both in the posterior and medial fascial compartment of the thigh
Adductor Magnus function:
one portion flexes thigh and works as medial rotator, the other extends thigh and is lateral rotator
Both adduct thigh
Hyperflexion:
when a joint is flexed beyond its normal range of motion
bending forward
Hyperextension:
Excessive movement of a joint in one direction (straightening)
Joint has been forced to move beyond its normal range of motion
bending backwards
Side to side spinal curvatures are a result of:
Scoliosis
When does herniation of discs occur?
when soft center of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tougher exterior casing
Ligaments are:
bands of tough elastic tissue around joints
connect bone to bone
give joints support
Somatic Nervous System is:
voluntary part of the PNS
control of body movements via skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System:
involuntary including: heart rate, BP, Respirations, digestion and sexual arousal
Contains: sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic Nervous System
Directs body’s rapid involuntary response to dangerous or stressful situations
Flash flood of hormones boosts body’s alertness and heart rate sending extra blood to muscles
Parasympathetic Nervous System
rest and digest
slows heart. lowers BP, promotes digestion
Radial Nerve location:
runs down the back if the arm from armpit to hand
Radial nerve is part of the PNS or ANS?
PNS
Radial Nerve function:
move elbow, wrist, hand, and fingers
Spinal Cord functions:
connects brain to spinal cord
carries nerve signals from your brain to your body and vice versa
Sciatic Nerve location
lower end of the spinal cord down the back of the thigh and dividing above the knee joint
Tibial Nerve location
Back of leg and into the foot
Tibial Nerve Function:
has motor and sensory function that makes it possible to transmit sensations and flex your foot, turn it inward or press it behind you
The radius is on the _____ side
Thumb
The Ulna is on the _____ side
pinky
Which is the larger, inside bone. The Tibia or the Fibula
Tibia
Mitral Valve Separates:
left atrium and left ventricle
Tricuspid valve is between:
R. Atrium and R. Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve between:
right ventricle and pulmonary arteries
Aortic Valve between:
L. Ventricle and Aorta
Lymphatic System Function
drains excess fluids and proteins from tissues back into the bloodstream to prevent tissue swelling
Parathyroid Hormone
hormone released by parathyroid gland to control calcium levels in blood
controls phosphorous and vitamin D levels
Increased levels result in increase of calcium levels which leads to kidney stones and bone thinning
Pinna function:
visible part of ear
acts as funnel in directing sound further into the ear
reacts to sound
Tympanic Membrane function:
ear drum
separates outer and middle ear
receives sound vibration from the outer air and transmits them to the auditory ossicles
Cochlea Function
key role in sense of hearing and participates in process of auditory transduction
responsible for balance
Saggital Plane is also called:
Longitudinal Plane
Sagittal plan divides body into:
Right and Left part
Transverse plane divides body into:
top and bottom parts
Coronal plane is also called:
Frontal Plane
Coronal Plane divides the body into:
Anterior and Posterior Parts
Dorsal:
Upper side or back
Ventral definition
Underside
Pepsin function:
Stomach enzyme that digests proteins found in ingested food
Anterior is:
nearer the front, situated at the front of body or nearer the head
Proximal is:
Situated nearer the center of the body or point of attachment
Deep is:
closer to the interior center of the body
The cheekbones are ____ to the nose
Lateral
Superficial is:
closer to the exterior surface of the body
Lateral is:
to the side of, or away from, the middle of the body
The ears are ___ to the nose
lateral
The arms are ____ to the chest
lateral
