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Microbiology Test 4 > Herpes/EBV/CMV/GI viruses/HIV/Hepato viruses > Flashcards

Herpes/EBV/CMV/GI viruses/HIV/Hepato viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe Herpes simplex 1 and 2 in terms of viral structure, disease, primary vs latent and secondary infection and treatment

A

Structure: enveloped DNA virus

Disease: cold sores, keratoconjunctivitis, genital lesions, gingivostomatitis

Latent infection: viruses hide in nerve ganglia serving the primary lesions, held in check by cell mediated immunity

Secondary lesions: stress causes cell mediated immunity to decrease and virus remerges causes lesions usually less severe than the primary lesions

Treatment: rx to relieve symptoms but virus is not cured

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2
Q

Describe Herpes zoster in terms of alternate names, viral structure, and disease, symptoms, and transmission

A

Alternate name: Varicella-Zoster

Structure: enveloped DNA virus

Disease: Chicken pox and Shingles

Symptoms: moderately large but smaller in number vesicle type skin lesions mostly on the trunk

Transmission: droplets via respiratory tract

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3
Q

Describe Shingles disease process

A

Herpes zoster that was latent re-emerges from nerve ganglia and causes numerous, small spaced vesicles in an area served by the infected nerve ganglion

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4
Q

Describe Epstein-Barr virus in terms of virus type, disease caused, what cells it infects, symptoms, transmission, latent phase and dx testing

A

DNA virus

Disease: Infectious mononucleosis in adolescents and adults

Cells it infects: B-cells

Symptoms: Fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, swelling of liver and spleen

Transmission: oral secretions

Latent: virus may go into latent phase or be eliminated by cell mediated immunity

Dx testing: immunodiagnostic testing

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5
Q

Describe Cytomegalovirus in terms of disease caused, symptoms, transmission, and Lab Dx

A

Disease:
-congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease in children, occasionally CMV mononucleosis w/ microcephaly, jaundice and multiorgan infection

-In immunosuppressed (AIDS, cancer, organ transplant) can cause febrile mononucleosis, hepatis, encephalopathy

Transmission: baby is infected from vaginal microbiota

Dx: PCR and immunodiagnostic test

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6
Q

Describe Rotavirus in terms of viral structure, disease caused, transmission, vaccine availability and Lab Dx.

A

Structure: RNA virus

Disease: most common cause of epidemic diarrhea in infants and children

Transmission: fecal oral

Vaccine: yes

Lab Dx: PCR, immunologic test

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7
Q

Describe Norwalk virus in terms of viral structure, symptoms, and transmission

A

Structure: nonenveloped RNA virus

Disease: major worldwide cause of viral gastroenteritis

Transmission: food, water, vomitus very difficult to prevent spread
-often seen in camps, cruise ships, schools

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8
Q

What disease does Sapovirus and Astrovirus cause

A

gastroenteritis in children and adults

-less frequent than Norwalk virus

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9
Q

Describe the viral structure of Human Immunodeficiency virus

A

Enveloped RNA virus with glycoprotein 41 (GP-41) and glycoprotein-120 (GP-121) with a core of 2 strands of RNA and reverse transcriptase

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10
Q

What is protein 24 in HIV and why do we care

A

P24 is a capsid protein of HIV, it is help identify the different stages of HIV infection

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11
Q

What glycoprotein on HIV’s envelop binds to CD4 marker

A

GP 120

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12
Q

Where does GP-41 of HIV bind

A

CXCR4 or CCR5 on macrophages

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13
Q

What are the 2 antigenic types of HIV and where are they found

A

HIV-1= found worldwide

HIV-2= western Africa

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14
Q

True or False HIV alters the ability of CD4 cells to produce cytokines

A

True

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15
Q

How is HIV transmitted

A

contact with body fluids (sex, blood, perinatally)

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16
Q

Describe the 4 stages of HIV infection

A

Stage 1: viruses are replicated and shed at a moderate rate causing mono or flu like illness then becomes asymptomatic
-p24 antigen is high and p24 antibodies are starting to be produced

Stage 2 (latent phase): Last few months to several years. Low rate of virus replication and shedding, CD4 cells gradually decrease. HIV antibodies are detectable

Stage 3 (Persistant generalized lympadenopathy or AIDS related complex): Virus replication and shedding occurs at a high rate. Opportunistic infections start, night sweats and diarrhea accompany lymphadenopathy. 
-p24 antigen begins to elevate again and p24 antibodies diminish
Stage 4 (AIDS): CD4 <200,  no cell mediated or humoral immunity
-p24 antigens are elevated  p24 antibodies are gone because virus overwhelms antibody production
17
Q

Name some opportunistic infections typically seen in AIDS pts

A
  • TB
  • Pnuemocystis carnii
  • Fungal infections
  • Toxoplasmosis gondii
  • Herpes type 1 and 2
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • MAC
18
Q

True or False HIV/AIDS can cause dementia

A

True

19
Q

Describe Hepatitis B in terms of viral structure, disease caused, symptoms, transmission, vaccine availability and Lab Dx.

A

Viral structure: enveloped virus w/ Hep B surface antigen and core w/ DNA, DNA polymerase, and Hep B core E antigen

Disease caused: acute (3-6 months) or chronic (>6 months) infection

Symptoms: anorexia, wt loss, hepatic tenderness, jaundice, dark urine

Transmission: blood or bodily fluids, parenteral route most predominant route

Vaccine availability: yes

20
Q

What is the earliest marker of acute Hep B infection

A

Hep B surface antigen, indicates infectious state

21
Q

If Hep B surface antigen is still present after 6 months what does this indicate

A

Chronic disease/infection

22
Q

What does the presence of Hep B core E antigen (HBeAg) indicate

A

indicates active virus replication and the most infectious period

23
Q

What does the presences of Hep B E antibodies (AntiHBe) indicate

A

resolution of infection and lowering of transmissibility

24
Q

What does the presences of Hep B s antibodies (AntiHBs) indicate

A

recovery from infection and immunity, major protective antibody against Hep B

-can develop from vaccination

25
Q

In chronic Hep B, does the person seroconvert

A

No, chronic Hep B pts do not develop Hep B s and e antibodies

26
Q

Describe Hepatitis C in terms of viral structure, disease caused, transmission, vaccine availability and Lab Dx.

A

Viral structure: lipid enveloped RNA virus

Transmission: parenteral route

Vaccine availability: no vaccine

27
Q

Describe Hepatitis A in terms of viral structure, transmission, high risk groups, vaccine availability.

A

Viral structure: non-enveloped RNA virus

Transmission: fecal oral route

High risk: institutionalized perons, military, day care centers, drug addicts, world travelers

Vaccine availability: yes

Microbiology Test 4 (6 decks)

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