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Microbiology Test 4 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe cell morphology, virulence factors and lab ID of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Morphology: peptidoglycogen layer plus arabinogalactan (mycolic acid and waxy lipids)

Virulence: waxes, mycosides, cord factor-all are some sort of lipid

ID: bacilli acid fast, slow growing that requires special media

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2
Q

How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted, where in the US do most cases occur, and in what population

A

Transmitted: Aerosol

USA cases: Cali, Texas, NY and DC

Population: crowded populations (prisons), homeless people, and AIDS pts

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3
Q

True or False TB is the worlds leading infectious dz

A

True

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4
Q

Describe primary TB symptoms and progression

A

Symptoms: asymptomatic to mild flu like

Progression: Bacteria go to alveoli and are ingested by macrophages-> TB multiplies in macrophages-> T cells encounter TB macrophages in the lymph nodes and cell mediated starts->bacteria are contained in tubercles and cell mediated response slows growth of bacteria -> tubercles can then be calcified

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5
Q

What virulence factor of TB is the partial causative agent of the tubercles

A

Cord factor

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6
Q

Describe the tuberculin skin test

A

Purified protein derivative (PPD) from the bacterial wall is injected into the skin and if the person has been exposed to TB then the injection site becomes inflamed and hardened

BCG vaccinated people will produce a false positive

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7
Q

Describe the latent phase of TB

A

No clinical signs, no bacterial shedding, (+) PPD, chest X-ray + or -

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8
Q

Describe secondary TB

A

Cell mediated immunity fails-> tubercles become necrotic and ghon complex forms-> macrophages become more active and release IL-1 and TNF-> Tubercle/Ghon complex rupture (material is coughed up) and infection spreads to other organs.

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9
Q

Describe miliary TB

A

Rapid failure of cell mediated immunity causes rapid progression of TB, miliary lesions develop, TB is disseminated to other organs leading to death.

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10
Q

What is the name for the TB vaccine and where is it derived

A

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine derived from attenuated bovine TB

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11
Q

What is MDR-TB

A

resistant to 2 or more TB drugs

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12
Q

What is XDR-TB

A

resistant to 2 or more TB drugs plus fluoroquinolones, and 1 second line TB drug

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13
Q

Name abx used to treat TB

A

isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin

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14
Q

Describe M. avium-intracellular

A

MAC

mycobacterium that may cause chronic pulmonary lesions and lymphadenitis

can be highly resistant to many traditional antituberculosis drugs

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15
Q

Describe Treponema pallidum in terms of cell morphology, the disease it causes, transmission and how to ID the bug

A

Morphology: non staining spirochete

Causes: syphilis

ID: immunologic test (use when lesion is absent) and immunofluorescence microscopy of lesion (only if lesion is present..duh)

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16
Q

Describe primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis

A

1: Chancre (painless lesion) last 3-6 wks then “heals”
2: Rash over a wide area 1-6 months after infection
3: Multiorgan systemic infection

17
Q

Describe Borrelia burgdorferi in terms of cell morphology, the disease it causes, symptoms, transmission, how to ID the bug, and treatment

A

Morphology: non staining spirochete

Causes: Lyme dz

Symptoms: skin rash w/ bulls eye target, fever, headache, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
-Non specific if rash is not present

Transmission: tick with prolonged association

ID: Antigenic tests after several weeks, non culturable

Treatment: requires treatment for months or years

18
Q

Describe Leptospira interrogans in terms of cell morphology, the disease it causes, symptoms, transmission, and how to ID the bug

A

Morphology: non staining spirochete

Causes: leptospirosis

Symptoms: asymptomatic or non-specific for 1-2 wks, then nonspecific which progresses to renal and liver failure

Transmission: skin contact w/ urine of infected urine especially via contaminated water (rarely human to human)

ID: rising Ab titer, PCR , non culturable

19
Q

Describe Burkholderia mallei in terms of cell morphology, the disease it causes, symptoms, and transmission

A

Morphology: Gram negative bacilli

Causes: Glanders dz: horses, causes nasal mucus discharge

Symptoms: septicemia, cutaneous lesions, lung, liver, spleen involvement 95% mortality in untreated, 50% mortality if treated

Transmission: body fluids from infected animals

ID: Antigenic tests after several weeks, non culturable

20
Q

Describe Burkholderia pseudomallei in terms of cell morphology, the disease it causes, symptoms, virulence factors, transmission, and where it is found

A

Morphology: gram negative bacilli

Causes: melioidosis

Symptoms: pulmonary infection, with ulceration, septicemia

Virulence: capsule, cytotoxic lethal factor, filamentous hemagglutin (causes abscess)

Transmission: transmitted by direct contact w/ contaminated soil water

Where: Endemic Southeast Asia, N Australia, S Pacific

21
Q

What is important about Burkholderia cepacia

A

Infrequent pathogen that causes PNA in immunocompromised or cystic fibrosis pts

Found in soil and water

Abx resistance and very hard to control if it is in a hospital

22
Q

Describe Peptostreptococcus in terms of cell morphology, the disease it causes

A

Morphology: anaerobic gram positive cocci in chains

Causes: normal microbiota of vagina GI, and skin, can cause necrotizing soft tissue infections and PID

Transmission: transmitted by direct contact w/ contaminated soil water

23
Q

Describe Fusobacterium in terms of cell morphology, the disease it causes

A

Morphology: anaerobic gram negative bacilli

Causes: periodontal infections and skin ulcers

24
Q

Describe Faecalibacteium in terms of cell morphology, and why we care about the bug

A

Morphology: anaerobic gram positive bacillus

Why we care: abundant gut microbiota that may boost immune system

25
Q

Describe Bifidobacterium in terms of cell morphology, and why we care about the bug

A

Morphology: anaerobic gram positive bacillus

Why we care:

  • Microbiota of gut, vagina, mouth.
  • Probiotic component
26
Q

Describe Lactobacillus in terms of cell morphology, and why we care about the bug

A

Morphology: anaerobic to microaerophilic gram positive bacillus

Why we care:

  • Microbiota of GI and genital tract
  • Probiotic component
27
Q

Describe Propionbacterium acnes in terms of cell morphology, the disease it causes

A

Morphology: anaerobic gram-positive bacillus/pleomorphic/diptheriod

Causes: acne (dermal inflammation)

Microbiology Test 4 (6 decks)

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