Herpes

Question 1

Macule

Answer 1

Smooth area of colour change less than 1.5cm

Patch is a larger area

Question 2

Papule

Answer 2

Solid RAISED spot on skin <1.5cm

Larger= plaque

Question 3

Nodule

Answer 3

Circumscribed(within limits) elevated solid lesion <1cm

Larger is tumour

Question 4

Postule

Answer 4

Circumscribed collection on leukocyte

Question 5

Herpes labialis

Answer 5

HSV1
Orofacial disease - gingivostomatitis
Common manifestation recurrent

Postules/vesicles around lips

Question 6

HSV1 common manifestations

Answer 6

Ocular keratoconjunctivitis

Gingivostomatitis

Question 7

Type 4 herpes - Epstein Barr virus

Answer 7

Mononucleosis or kissing disease

Fever fatigue sore throats swollen lymph glands

Question 8

Type 5 cytomegalovirus

Answer 8

Mainly in immuncompromised ppl
ENCEPHALITIS 
Retinitis 
Pneumonia
Gastroenteritis

Cytomegalic means enlargement of cell

Question 9

Type 4 Roseola

Answer 9

Acute disease in infants and kids
High fever
Trunk rash limbs neck face
May play role in MS in adults

Question 10

Type 7

Answer 10

Febrile illness similar to measles

Concussions due to ENCEPHALITIS

Question 11

Type 8

Answer 11

Kaposis sarcoma (malignancy of blood vessels)
Primary lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 12

Type 3 varicella roster

Answer 12

Chicken pox n shingles

Question 13

Type 2

Answer 13

Genital herpes

Transmitted to babies 25-50%

Question 14

General herpes properties

Answer 14

Able to establish latent infection
Induce cell mediated immunity
Mode of replication 
Virus morphology 
Alpha beta gamma

Double stranded
Spherical virion

Question 15

Alpha herpes

Answer 15

Cytolytic
Live in neurons

HSV1 hsv2 varcella zoster

Cytolytic means destruction of cell

Question 16

Beta herpes

Answer 16

Cytomegalic (enlargement of cell)

Live in mononuclear cells /glands/ kidneys

Cytomegalovirus, type 6,7

Question 17

Gamma herpes

Answer 17

Lymphoproliferative

Live in lymphoid tissue blood vessels

Epstein Barr virus
Kaposis sarcoma

Question 18

HSV 4 basic structural elements

Answer 18

Electron opaque core contains DNA
Icosahedral capsid surrounding core
Tegument- unstructured proteinacous layer surrounding capsid
Outer lipid bilayer with spikes on surface (envelope has 11 glycoproteins)

Question 19

Important tegument proteins

Answer 19

Surround the capsid

Involved in initiation of replication
VP16 virion transactivator (aka alpha-TIF)

Virion host shut off protein VHS

Question 20

Steps for fusion (1’pathway)

Answer 20

Viral envelope fuses w cell membrane

Capsid transported to nucleus via microtubular network

Capsid fuses w nuclear pore

Viral DNA is released

Question 21

Secondary pathway for entry

Answer 21

Endocytosis of enveloped capsid

Receptor dependent fusion of envelope w membrane of endocytic vesicle

Capsid has to be released from envelope and the membrane it got from the cell membrane durin endocytosis

Question 22

How virus envelope interacts with cell surface - glycoproteins

Answer 22

Binding of gC and gB to cell GAGs

gD interacts with specific receptors to allow for fusion of envelope to plasma membrane

Question 23

VHS

Answer 23

Turns off host protein synthesis
Degrades host mRNA

Released from tegument

Question 24

Alpha TIF or VP16

Answer 24

Imitates transcription of immediate early genes

Released from tegument

Question 25

Once at the nuclear pore viral replication step: TREE

Answer 25

Transcription of genes Relocation of dna Encapsidstion - pack DNA Egress of virion out of nucleus

Question 26

Immediate early protein alpha

Answer 26

Regulate viral replication

Question 27

Early protein beta

Answer 27

Make and pack dna Uses viral DNA polymerase

Question 28

Late proteins gamma

Answer 28

Involved in capsid formation

Question 29

How does latent infections happen

Answer 29

Some of the viral DNA is made to heterchromatin (inaccessible to DNA binding factorS) Results in latency associated transcript lat RNA = latent infection VP16 activation will cause reactivation = acute infection

Question 30

Epithelial lyric infection

Answer 30

VP16 and host cell factors go to nucleus IE genes are expressed VP16 n icp0 infected cell protein decrease heterochromatin infx Genome associates w euchromatin Active gene expression

Question 31

Neuronal cell latent infx

Answer 31

VP16 goes to cytoplasm lat promotes heterochromatin formation Genomes associates w heterochromatin Silence of gene expression

Question 32

Syncytium

Answer 32

Formation of multi nucleate enlarged cells due to fusion of infected cell w neighbouring cells Allows spread of viral proteins

Question 33

Trigeminal ganglion

Answer 33

Primary site for latency of HSV1

Question 34

Sacral ganglion

Answer 34

Primary site of latency for hsv2

Question 35

Clinical manifestations of HSV1

Answer 35

Herpes labialis -cold sore Eczema herpeticum - loss of large area of epithelium. Loss of body fluids. Causes secondary bacterial infections Meningoencephalitis - can be fatal Eye- blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis