Funci

Question 1

Dermatophytes
Types :
Tricophyton Epidermophyton Microsporium

Answer 1

Mucocutaneous fungal infection . Resides on skin. Eats keratin
Infect skin hair nails
Cause scaling and pruritus
Serious morbidity rarely fatal

Question 2

Tinea corporis

Answer 2

Infx of hairless skin of body

Question 3

Tinea cruris

Answer 3

Involvement of groin in infection

More common in males

Question 4

Tinea pedis

Answer 4

Foot infx

Question 5

Tinea capitis

Answer 5

Scalp infx

Question 6

Onychomycosis

Answer 6

Nail infx

Question 7

Opportunistic mycoses

Candida spp.
Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 7

Part of normal flora

Low virulence

Question 8

Endemic/systemic mycoses

Histo plasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis

Answer 8

Got from environment

Primary infx in lung then spreads

Question 9

Ergosterol

Answer 9

Impt part of cell membrane
Exploited in antifungal drugs
Polyenes bind it and cause pore formation
Azoles& Allylamines disrupts its synthesis

Question 10

Glucan

Answer 10

B-1,3 linkages of glucose in cell wall

Question 11

Chitin

Answer 11

Glycoprotein

B1,4 linked N acetlyglucosamine residues

Question 12

Dimorphic fungi

Answer 12

Grow in yeast or mold form

Ie. candida

Question 13

Chlamydospore

Answer 13

Thick walled fungal spore derived from hyphae cell
Fxn as resting spore
In candida

Question 14

Conidia

Answer 14

Spore made asexually at tip of hyphae

Question 15

Mold

Answer 15

Multicellular colonies of clumps of hyphae

Question 16

Yeast

Answer 16

Unicellular growth
Spherical/ellipsoidal
Reproduction via budding

Question 17

Tinea versicolor

Answer 17

Skin infx. By non-dermatophytes, dimorphic fungus = Maladsrzia furfur

Causes lesions/macular/papules/patches
On chest back shoulders
Hypopigmented on dark skin

Question 18

Subcutaneous mycosis

Answer 18

Deep layers of skin like cornea
Remain localized in deep tissue
Cause abscess formation, ulcers,drain sinus tests
Immune system causes host tissue destruction

Question 19

Keratomycosis

Answer 19

Fungal infx of cornea

Happens with trauma to eye

Question 20

Fusarium keratitis

Answer 20

Gets feathery central corneal infiltrate in pupil area

Satellite lesions in cornea

Question 21

Exogenous endophthalmitis

Answer 21

Associated w/ trauma or surgery where organism is introduced directly to ocular structures
Ie. candida or aspergillus

Question 22

Endogenous enophthalmitis

Answer 22

Caused by candida or aspergillus

Question 23

Candida albicans symptoms

Answer 23

Oral thrush
Diaper rash
Vaginitis
Systemic infx in ppl w/ HIV

Question 24

Candida albicans diagnosis

Answer 24

Culture or microscope w/ Calcofluor white /KOH

FOR deep organ infx: blood culture

Question 25

Acanthamoeba manifestation

Answer 25

Cause keratitis in immunocompetent ppl

Cause granulomatous amebic ENCEPHALITIS N DISSEMINATION INFX in immunocompromised ppl

Question 26

Trophozoite

Answer 26

Life stage of acanthamoeba
Motile
Active
Favourable conditions

Question 27

Cyst

Answer 27

Acanthamoeba life stage
Under unfavourable conditions
Bilaminated cellulose wall

Question 28

Ancanthamoeba Pathology stage 1

Answer 28

Binding to cornea - corneal damage upregulates mannose receptors on cornea
trophozoite binds mannose receptors MBP
Binding induces CYTOLOYTIC PROTEIN MIP33 which degrades epithelial tissue
Phagocytosis of corneal cells

Question 29

Ancanthamoeba pathology phase 2

Answer 29

Trophozoite breaks bowmans membrane

Cause stromal destruction by proteases, MIP33, aPA= acanthamoeba plasminogen activator (degrades extracellular matrix)

Question 30

Radial keratoneuritis

Answer 30

Presentation of acanthamoeba

Midstroma begins paracentrally–> limbus in radial patten