HERO Entrance Exam Flashcards
What does ABC stand for
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Superficial burns that only affect the skin surface
First-Degree Burns
Burns that affect the outermost and second skin layer
Second-Degree Burns
Burns that have killed all the skin all the way to the fatty tissue
Third-Degree Burns
Decrease in the amount of circulating blood volume, usually due to volume loss from an internal or external injury.
Hypolovemia
Hydrostatic intravascular arterial pressure maintained by various cardiac and vascular factors expressed in mmHg.
Blood Pressure
Number of heartbeats per minute.
Heart Rate
A life-threatening condition caused by a severe decrease in blood pressure resulting in multi-system organ dysfunction.
Shock
Decrease in systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 60 mmHg. Low blood pressure
Hypotension
Decrease in the amount of oxygen in an organ.
Hypoxia
When the heart contracts to pump blood out
Systole
When the heart relaxes after a contraction.
Diastole
Most common form of shock results from loss of blood volume from hemorrahage.
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
When cardiovascular compensatory mechanism are inadequate, collapse occurs resulting in a drop in blood pressure.
DECOMPENSATED SHOCK
During the initial phase of hypertension, an increase in cardiac output through elevation of heart rate leads to normal blood pressure.
COMPENSATED SHOCK
External bleeding, obvious intervention necessary
Overt
Internal bleeding, from abdominal gastrointestinal sources, not obvious
Occult
What does CPR stand for
Cardio
Pulmonary
Resuscitation
Shallow wound type where the most superficial layers of the skin have been scraped off
Abrasion
Linear, irregular wounds caused by ripping forces.
Laceration
Linear, clean bordered wounds caused by sharp instruments such as KNIVES, SCALPELS, etc.
Incision
Separation of anatomic structures from shearing/ tearing forces.
Avulsion
Partial or complete removal of an extremity from its origin.
Amputation
Type of penetration injury caused by a small round object such as a NAIL or a NEEDLE.
Puncture Wound
Caused by an object entering the body such as a KNIFE.
Penetration Injury
Closed type of wound with indeterminate amount of internal injury.
Blunt Injury
Decrease in delivery of blood to an organ.
Hypoperfusionb
