Hernias Flashcards
what is a hernia
protrusion of part of the abdominal contents beyond it containing cavity
what 3 parts does a hernia consist of
the peritoneal sac, abdominal contents and abdominal wall layers covering the sac
what weaknesses in the abdominal wall do hernias occur at
inguinal canal, femoral canal, umbilicus and at previous incisions
true or false: femoral canal hernias are more common in women
true - as they have a larger femoral canal due too their wider pelvis (still not very common though)
what is omphalocoele
where the herniation of the midgut through the umbilicus in development persists
what is Gastroschsis
where the abdominal wall fails to close during development so the protruding contents has no peritoneal coverings
what is umbilical hernia
where the bowel herniates through the weakness of the umbilical scar
what treatment to you give for umbilical hernias
none - they should resolve themselves within a couple of years after birth
where do epigastric hernias occur
through the linea alba
what makes the floor of the inguinal canal
inguinal ligament
what makes the roof of the inguinal canal
internal oblique and transverse abdominis
what makes the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
transversalis fascia
what makes the anterior wall of the inguinal canal
aponeurosis of external oblique
what are indirect inguinal hernias
hernias that go through the deep and superficial ring of the inguinal canal
what are the 2 holes in the inguinal canal
the deep ring in the transversalis fascia and the superficial ring in the aponeurosis
when do indirect inguinal hernias move into the scrotum
when the processus vaginalis fails to regress
describe the descent of the processus vaginalis
the processus vaginalis is a pouch of peritoneum that should descend down
after descent part should remain covering some of the testis to form the tunica vaginalis - the rest should regress
where will an indirect inguinal hernia be in relation to the epigastric vessels
lateral
what are direct inguinal hernias
a hernia that protrudes through a weakness in the abdominal wall known as Hesselbach triangle
they do not enter the inguinal canal
what are the borders of the Hesselbach triangle
medial= rectus abominis superior = inferior epigastric artery inferior = inguinal ligament
where will a direct inguinal hernia be in relation to the epigastric vessels
medial
what are likely to form if the processus vaginalis doesn’t regress fully
indirect inguinal hernias
what does it mean for a hernia to become incarcerated
it has become stuck and cannot be reduced
what does it mean if a hernia becomes strangulated
blood supply has been disrupted and can lead to tissue necrosis and infection
true or false: femoral hernias are more likely to become incarcerated
true - it’s a more narrow space and can easily become stuck
