hernia Flashcards
how is a large pneumothorax treated
needle aspiration-thoracocentesis
2. sitting of a chest drain
both procedures via 4th or 5th intercostal space in midaxillary line
what is a large pneumothrox defined as
greater than 2 cm
where is the safe triangle
the anterior border of the latissimus dorsi
the posterior border-pectoralis major
axial line superior to the nipple
how is a tension pneumothorax managed
insert a large gauge cannula into the pleural cavity via the 2nd or 3rd intercostal space midclavicular line on the side of the tension pneumthorax
where do diaphragmatic hernia develop
in normal anatomical weaknesses at attachments to the xiphoid
oesophageal hiatus-hiatus hernia
normal anatomical weakness at posterior attachments
how do inguinal hernia develop
- presence of inguinal canal in the inguinal part of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- increased pressure in intra-abdominal area- thought to be due to chronic cough, chronic constipation, occupation lifting heavy objects, athletic effort
where do the inguinal ligaments attach
attach between the ASIS and pubic tubercle
what do the medial halves of the floors of the inguinal ligaments form
the floor of the inguinal canals
what is the floor of the inguinal canal formed from
the medial half of the inguinal ligaments
what and where are the inguinal canals
around 4cm passageways through the anterior abdominal wall in the inguinal regions
what do the inguinal canals run between
a deep ring and a superficial ring
where do the inguinal canals run through
the anterior abdominal wall in the inguinal regions
what is contained within the inguinal canal
the spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females
what is the processus vaginalis
peritoneal sac through which testes descend into the scrotum
where is the deep ring of the inguinal canal
where the testis pushed into the transverse fascia
where id the superficial ring of the inguinal canal
the defect in the external oblique aponeurosis where the testis passed into the superficial fascia of the scrotum
what layers does the testes have to pass through as it descends
transversalis fascia, transversus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique, deep fascia and superficial fascia
what does the conjoint tendon do
the medial end of the combined aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus, anchors these muscles inferiorly to the pubic bone
which tendon, joins the medial end of the combined aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus anchoring theses muscles anteriorly to the pubic bone
conjoint tendon
what are the three coverings gained as the testis passes through the inguinal canal
internal spermatic fascia-transversalis fascia
cremasteric fascia- internal oblique
external spermatic fascia-external oblique aponeurosis
what is the cremasteric fascia
a covering of skeletal muscle fibres from the internal oblique
pneumonic for remembering the layers of the scrotum
Some damn Englishmen called it the testes skin dartos muscle and fascia external spermatic fascia cremasteric fascia internal spermatic fascia tunica vaginalis tunica albuginae
what is the cremasteric fascia formed from
fibres of the internal oblique
