heredity

Question 1

what is heredity?

Answer 1

is the passing on of traits from one generation to the

next through reproduction

Question 2

what are gametes, how many sets of chromosomes do gametes have?

Answer 2

reproductive cells, ie sperm or eggs

-have on set of chromosomes

Question 3

what are genes, what are they made of, how are they packaged, where are they located, and how are they passed to offspring?

Answer 3

• genes are hereditary material
• made of DNA
• they’re packaged into a chromosome
• they have a specific location on a certain chromosome
• passed to offspring through gametes

Question 4

what are somatic cells?

Answer 4

every cell other than a reproductive cell (gametes, ie sperm or eggs)

Question 5

what are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 5

the 2 chromosomes in a pair in somatic cells

• same length/shape and carry genes controlling the same characters
• 1 chromosome from each parent

Question 6

how many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have?

Answer 6

2 (one from mom, one from dad)

Question 7

what are sister chromatids?

Answer 7

are chromatids from one duplicated chromosome

attached

Question 8

what are nonsister chromatids?

Answer 8

chromatids in a homologous pair (not attached, one from mom, one from dad)

Question 9

what is the diploid and haploid number of chromosomes in humans?

Answer 9

diploid: 46
haploid: 23

Question 10

what is fertilization?

Answer 10

the union of gametes

Question 11

what is a fertilized egg called, how many sets of chromosomes doe it have?

Answer 11

zygote, has 2 sets of chromosomes (one from each parent) and is diploid

Question 12

1. a gamete is …. produced by ….. (…->…)

2. a zygote is … and produces somatic cells by … (…->…)

Answer 12

1. haploid, meiosis, 2n->n

2. diploid, mitosis, 2n->2n

Question 13

what is ploidy? what is maintaining ploidy?

Answer 13

the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

-maintaining ploidy is maintaining the number of chromosomes in cell (or in a new cell)

Question 14

what is mitosis, how does it happen, what does this do to ploidy?

Answer 14

-Cell division where daughter cells are formed with the
same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
1. chromosomes replicate
2. mitosis
3. 2 daughter cells are formed

2n->2n (diploid to diploid)
n->n (haploid to haploid)
-maintains ploidy

Question 15

what is mitosis for in multicellular organisms?

Answer 15

• growth and repair

- Asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms

Question 16

what is meiosis, how does is happen, what does this do to ploidy?

Answer 16

• Cell division forming daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
  1. chromosomes replicate
  2. meiosis #1 (homologous chromosomes separate)
  3. meiosis #2 (sister chromatids separate)
  4. 4 daughter cells formed

2n->n (diploid to haploid)
-reduction of ploidy

Question 17

what is mitosis for in unicellular organisms?

Answer 17

-A means of reproduction in unicellular organisms

Question 18

what is meiosis for? what is meiosis and fertilization responsible for?

Answer 18

the production of gametes

-responsible for the variation in each generation