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Bot Med 1 > Herbal Actions Part 2 > Flashcards

Herbal Actions Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-catarrhal

A

helps eliminate catarrh ( inflammation of mucous membranes resulting in increased mucous and phelgm production)

System :
Respiratory
GI
Urinary

Indications :
bronchitis
pneumonia
upper respiratory tract infection

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2
Q

Decongestant

A

relieves nasal congestion ( nasal catarrh)

RElated : sympathomimetic

System :
Respiratory

Indications 
URTI
sinusitis
rhinitis (hay fever)
allergies

Herbs :
Ephedra (Ephedra sinica)

Decongestants typically act by :

inhibiting histamine receptors
stimulating adrenergic receptors

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3
Q

Ephedra

A

Ephedra sinica

Decongestant
Bronchodilator
Antispasmotic

Sympathomimetic
stimulant
antiallergic
diaphoretic
Thermogenic
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4
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Dialates bronchioles ( makes it easier to breathe)

System : Respiratory

Indications:
laboured breathing, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia

Herbs :
Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)
Jimson weed ( Datura spp.)

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5
Q

Jimson Weed

A

Datura spp.
Bronchodilator
Anticholingeric

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6
Q

Antispasmodic ( respiratory)

A

relieves spasms of smooth muscles

System : respiratory, GI

Indications :
spastic cough, bronchitis, whooping cough, croup, asthma

Herbs : 
Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)
horehound ( Marrubium vulgare)
thyme ( Thymus vulgaris)
red clover ( Trifolium pretense)
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7
Q

Red clover

A

Trifolium pretense

Antispasmotic

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8
Q

Horehound

A

Marrubium vulgare
Antispasmodic
Expectorant

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9
Q

Antiallergic

A

decreases the symptoms associated with allergies : runny nose ( rhinitis) and itchy eyes ( conjunctivitis)

System : respiratory

Indications :
seasonal allergies, sinusitis, rhinitis

Herbs :
eyebright ( Euphrasia officialis)
nettle ( urtica dioica)
ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)

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10
Q

Eyebright

A

Euphrasia offcialis

Antiallergic

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11
Q

Nettle

A

Urtica dioica

Antiallergic

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12
Q

Diaphoretic

A

stimulates diaphoresis ( perspiration) ( sweat out a cold)

System : respiratory

Indications : fever, colds and flu, detoxification

Herbs : elder flowers ( Sambucus canadensis, Sabucus nigra)

Cayenne ( Capsicum frutenscens

Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)

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13
Q

Elder flowers

A

Sambucous canadensis , Subucus nigra)

Diaphoretic

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14
Q

Antitussive

A

Relieves coughing :

Related : cough suppresant

System : respiratory

Indications : unproductive dry cough
productive ‘wet cough’

Herbs : 
mullein ( Verbascum thapsus)
colt's foot ( Tussilago farfara)
wild black cherry ( prunus serotina)
opium oppy ( papver somniferum)
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15
Q

Mullein

A

Verbascum thapsus

Antitussive
Demulcent

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16
Q

Colt’s foot

A

Tussilago farfara

Antitussive
Demulcent

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17
Q

Wild Black Cherry

A

Prunus serotina

Antitussive
Cough suppressant

MoA :

contains cyogenic glycosides

cyanide binds to chemorecptos in the phrenic nerve and inhibits muscle reflec involved in respiration

Cautin : limit use to dry coughs of for wet coughs when systemmatic relieve is required ( ie - sleep)

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18
Q

Cough suppressant

A

inhibits the cough reflex

Related : antitussive

System : respiratory

Indications :
dry cough and spastic cough

Herbs :

Wild black cherry ( Prunus serotina)
Opium poppy Papaver somniferum
Cacao ( Therbroma cacao)

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19
Q

Cacao

A

Therbroma cacao

Cough suppressant

MoA : contains theobromine which inhibits vagus nerve firing.

50g of chocolate was as effective as opiates

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20
Q

Opium Mechanism in coughing

A

MOA - opiod receptors on vagus nerve partially responsible for cough supprestion

smaller amounts are required to inhibit cough than decrease pain

Caution : no longer used b/c of addictive quality.

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21
Q

Demulcent

A

mucoprotectant
soothes and protects mucous membranes

Related : antitussive , expectorant

System :
Respiratory , GI

Indications : sore thoar, larygitis, dry cough ( a lesser wet coughs)

Herbs :

Mullein ( Verbascum thapsus)
Colt’s foot ( Tussilago farfara)
licorice ( Glycherrhiza glabra)

herbal demulcents either contain mucilafe ( coat throat and give relief) or help increase mucous production

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22
Q

Expectorant

A

facilitates explusion of phlegm from the lungs

Related :
antitussive, mucolytic (syn.) , anticattarhal

System :
Respiratory

Indications :
wet cough, bronchitis, asthma

Herbs:
Indian Tobacco ( Lobelia inflata)
Blue Gum ( Eucalyptis globulus)
Horehound ( Marrubium vulgare)
Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra)
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23
Q

Horehound

A

Marrubium vulgare
Expectorant

antitussive
antispasmodic

MoA :
stimulates bronchial secretions
relaxes smooth muscles

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24
Q

Blue Gum

A

Eucalyptus globulus
Expectorant

antiseptic
antimicrobial
rubefacient
analgeic (topical)
antispasmodic

Eucalyptus oil Moa

irritating to mucous membranes
stimulate bronchial secretions
may help break up phlegm directly

25
Q

Indian Tobacco

A

Lobelia inflata
Expectorant

emetic
cathartic
antispasmodic

MoA :
stimulates medullary chemoreceptor to trigger CNS to induce vomitting.

increase secretion of mucosa for the GI and respiratory tract

Low does expectorant , high dose emetic ( causes vomiting)

26
Q

Licorice and cough

A

Glycyrrhiza glabra

antitussive
expectorant]antiviral
antiinflammatory

MoA :
stimulates bronchial secretions and increase the water content of mucous to make it less viscous relaxes smooth muscles.

27
Q

Diuretic

A

increases the production and elimination of urine

System : urinary

Indications :
UTIs , kidney stones, detoxification

Herbs : Parsley ( Petroselium crispum)
Juniper ( Juniperus communis)
Bear berry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon)
Horsetail ( Equisetum arvense)
28
Q

Parsely

A

Petroselinum crispum
Diuretic
Urinary antiseptic

Caution while preganant - could cause miscarriage in high amounts

29
Q

Juniper

A

Juniperus communis

Diuretic
Urinary antiseptic

30
Q

Urinary antiseptic

A

Discourages or inhibits growth of microorganisms in the urninary tract

System : urinary

Indications : UTI

Herbs : 
Juniper Juniperus communia
Bear Berry ( Asctostaphylos uva-ursi)
Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum)
Cranberry ( Vacciunum macrocarpon)

comments :
urinary antiseptic are comprised of essential oils

31
Q

Bearberry + MoA

A

Actostaphylos uva-ursi

Actions :
Urinary antiseptic
astringent
diuretic

MoA :

contains arbutin which is a hydroquinone glycoside

  • antiseptic quialies are activated once the sugars are removed from certain bacteria

Arbutin in an alkaline environment may facilitate the oxidation of hydroquinon to quinon ( sequester free radicals or generate free radicals)

32
Q

Antiadherance (urinary)

A

prevents the attachment of certain microorganisms to the mucosa of the host , which is required to establish infection

System : urinary

Indications : UTI

Herbs : Cranberry ( Vaccinium macropon)

Comments : Typically used as a secondary action for urinary complaints

33
Q

Astringent ( urinary)

A

helps tonify mucous membranes

System : urinary

Indications :
hematuria
UTI

Herbs :

horsetail (equisetum arvense)
Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon)
Bearberry ( Arctostphylos uva-ursi)

34
Q

Horsetail

A

Equisetum arvense
Astringent ( urinary)
diuretic

35
Q

Demulcent ( urinary)

A

Increases mucous production to protect the kidney, uretors, bladder, and urethra against friction and iritation

Syste, : urinary

Indications :
UTI, Urinary gravel and kidney stones

Herbs :
marshmallow ( Althea officinalis)

typically used as secondary action for urinary complaints

36
Q

Marshmallow

A

Althea officinalis

Urinary Demulcent
GI demulcent

37
Q

Antilithic

A

Prevents and aids in explusion of liths ( stones) from the body

System:
urinary, biliary

Indications :
gallstones, kidney stones

Herbs :
Chanca piedra ( Phyllanthus niruri)
joe-pye weed ( Eupatorium pupureum)
Cranberry ( Vaccinium Macrocarpon)

38
Q

Chanca piedra

A

Phyllanthus niruri

Antilithic

39
Q

Joe-pye weed

A

Euphatorium pupureum

Antiilithic

40
Q

Carminative

A

Promotes digestion ad relieves gas and bloating

Related :
antispasmodic, rubefacient

System : GI

Indications :
indigestion , colic , flatulence, IBS

Herbs :
Peppermint ( Metha piperita) & plants in lamiaceae family

fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare) & Apiaceae family

Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) & Zingiveracease family

Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita)

MoA : increase blood flow to intestines
relax smooth muscles and sphincters &normalize peristalists

can aggrevate heartburn/cause reflux

41
Q

Fennel

A

Foneiculum vulgare

& Apiaceae family

Carminative

42
Q

Antiemetic

A

relieves nausea and vomitting

System : GI

Indications :

N&V from pregnancy, motion sickness, chemo

Herbs :
Ginger ( Zingiber officinale)
Marijuana ( Cannabis sativa)
Peppermint ( Methna piperita)

Affects many receptors

serotonins (5-HT3) antagonist = ginger
• cannabinoid aganoist = marijuana
• Muscarinic antagonist = anticholinergics

43
Q

Marijuana

A

Cannabis sativa

Antiemetic
Stomachic

44
Q

Emetic

A

Induces Vomitting

Related : expectorant

System : GI

Indications : poisoning . detox, infection

Herbs :
Ipecac ( Cephaelis ipecacuanha)

Indian tobacco ( Lobelia inflata)

45
Q

Ipecac

A

Cephaelis ipecacuanha

Emetic

46
Q

Bitter tonic

A

tonifies the digestive organs to increase appetite and stimulate digestive function

System : GI , hepatobiliary

Related :
sialogue, stomachic, cholagogue and choleretic, laxitive ( mild)

Indications : 
indigestion ( dyspepsia) 
'atonic' stomach
poor appetite ( anorexia)
low stomach acid

MoA : release digestive juices via : gastrin( stmach acid and sphincter tone) and CCK (cholecystokinin - increase bile and pancreatic enzyme release)

Herbs : 
yellow gential ( Gentiana lutea)
wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium)

Caution : heartburn/reflux
- may help cases of heartburn as well.

47
Q

Yellow gentian

A

Gentiana lutea

Bitter Tonic

48
Q

Bitter - Aromatic

A

Bitters with aromatic oils providing additional carminative effect

Herbs :

Garden angelica ( Angelica archangelica)

Wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium)

49
Q

Bitter Pungent

A

Posses the bitter actions but taste pungent rather than bitter

Herbs : Ginger ( zingiber officinale)

50
Q

Garden angelica

A

Angelica archangelica

Bitter - Aromatic

51
Q

Sialagogue

A

Stimulates salivation

Related :
Bitters

System : GI

Indications : xerostomia ( dry mouth)

Mechanism of Action:

Bitters ( vagus nerve)
parasympathomimetic ( via nicotinic and muscarinic receptors)

52
Q

Stomachic

A

tones the stomach and helps increase appetite and support digestion
Related : Bitter (all bitters are stomachics)

System : GI

Indications : indigestion, hypochorhydia

Herbs:
bitters,
marijuana ( Cannabis sativa)

Ginger ( Ziniber officinale)

Bitters are the main types but non-bitters exist ( cannabis)

cautin ( heartburn)

53
Q

Choleretic

A

increases production and release of bile from liver

54
Q

Cholagogue

A

stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and the expulsion of bile

System :
Hepatobiliary

Indications : indigestion, cholestasis ( gallstones, sludge) , detox

Caution : could precipitate a gall bladder attack
use with caution for gallstones

55
Q

Case : Elderly woman with Gastric Pain

A

Gastric pain for several years + bloating after meals

Arthritis multiple joints

  1. remove dairy
  2. tonify the stomach ( digestive tincture)
56
Q

Antispasmodic (GI)

A

prevents and relieves spasms and cramping

Related : carminative

System : GI , urinary, repiratory, reproduction

Indications : intestinal colic ( gas), 
bilary colic ( d/t gallstones), 
IBS
Herb : 
Greater celadine ( Chelidonium majus)

carminatives have antispasmotic properties but not all antispasmotic are carminatives (deadly nightshade)

57
Q

Greater Celadine

A

Chelidonium majus

Actions :

Antispasmotic 
bitter
cholagogue
cholerectic
stomachic
alterative
58
Q

Antilithic

A

Prevents and aids in the expulsion of liths (stones) from the body

Related :
cholagogue , choleretic

System : GI, Urinary

Indications : gallstones, kidney stones

Herbs : Boldo ( Peumus boldus)

Comments : most bitter herbs could be used to treat gallstones because they increase the production of bile.

Caution : attempting to dissolve stones has risks such as obstruction of the common bile duct.

59
Q

Bodo

A

Peumus boldus

Actions:
antilithic
bitter
cholagogue
choleretic
stomachic
antimicrobial
alterative

Bot Med 1 (4 decks)

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