Herbal Actions Part 2 Flashcards
Anti-catarrhal
helps eliminate catarrh ( inflammation of mucous membranes resulting in increased mucous and phelgm production)
System :
Respiratory
GI
Urinary
Indications :
bronchitis
pneumonia
upper respiratory tract infection
Decongestant
relieves nasal congestion ( nasal catarrh)
RElated : sympathomimetic
System :
Respiratory
Indications URTI sinusitis rhinitis (hay fever) allergies
Herbs :
Ephedra (Ephedra sinica)
Decongestants typically act by :
inhibiting histamine receptors
stimulating adrenergic receptors
Ephedra
Ephedra sinica
Decongestant
Bronchodilator
Antispasmotic
Sympathomimetic stimulant antiallergic diaphoretic Thermogenic
Bronchodilator
Dialates bronchioles ( makes it easier to breathe)
System : Respiratory
Indications:
laboured breathing, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia
Herbs :
Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)
Jimson weed ( Datura spp.)
Jimson Weed
Datura spp.
Bronchodilator
Anticholingeric
Antispasmodic ( respiratory)
relieves spasms of smooth muscles
System : respiratory, GI
Indications :
spastic cough, bronchitis, whooping cough, croup, asthma
Herbs : Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica) horehound ( Marrubium vulgare) thyme ( Thymus vulgaris) red clover ( Trifolium pretense)
Red clover
Trifolium pretense
Antispasmotic
Horehound
Marrubium vulgare
Antispasmodic
Expectorant
Antiallergic
decreases the symptoms associated with allergies : runny nose ( rhinitis) and itchy eyes ( conjunctivitis)
System : respiratory
Indications :
seasonal allergies, sinusitis, rhinitis
Herbs :
eyebright ( Euphrasia officialis)
nettle ( urtica dioica)
ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)
Eyebright
Euphrasia offcialis
Antiallergic
Nettle
Urtica dioica
Antiallergic
Diaphoretic
stimulates diaphoresis ( perspiration) ( sweat out a cold)
System : respiratory
Indications : fever, colds and flu, detoxification
Herbs : elder flowers ( Sambucus canadensis, Sabucus nigra)
Cayenne ( Capsicum frutenscens
Ephedra ( Ephedra sinica)
Elder flowers
Sambucous canadensis , Subucus nigra)
Diaphoretic
Antitussive
Relieves coughing :
Related : cough suppresant
System : respiratory
Indications : unproductive dry cough
productive ‘wet cough’
Herbs : mullein ( Verbascum thapsus) colt's foot ( Tussilago farfara) wild black cherry ( prunus serotina) opium oppy ( papver somniferum)
Mullein
Verbascum thapsus
Antitussive
Demulcent
Colt’s foot
Tussilago farfara
Antitussive
Demulcent
Wild Black Cherry
Prunus serotina
Antitussive
Cough suppressant
MoA :
contains cyogenic glycosides
cyanide binds to chemorecptos in the phrenic nerve and inhibits muscle reflec involved in respiration
Cautin : limit use to dry coughs of for wet coughs when systemmatic relieve is required ( ie - sleep)
Cough suppressant
inhibits the cough reflex
Related : antitussive
System : respiratory
Indications :
dry cough and spastic cough
Herbs :
Wild black cherry ( Prunus serotina)
Opium poppy Papaver somniferum
Cacao ( Therbroma cacao)
Cacao
Therbroma cacao
Cough suppressant
MoA : contains theobromine which inhibits vagus nerve firing.
50g of chocolate was as effective as opiates
Opium Mechanism in coughing
MOA - opiod receptors on vagus nerve partially responsible for cough supprestion
smaller amounts are required to inhibit cough than decrease pain
Caution : no longer used b/c of addictive quality.
Demulcent
mucoprotectant
soothes and protects mucous membranes
Related : antitussive , expectorant
System :
Respiratory , GI
Indications : sore thoar, larygitis, dry cough ( a lesser wet coughs)
Herbs :
Mullein ( Verbascum thapsus)
Colt’s foot ( Tussilago farfara)
licorice ( Glycherrhiza glabra)
herbal demulcents either contain mucilafe ( coat throat and give relief) or help increase mucous production
Expectorant
facilitates explusion of phlegm from the lungs
Related :
antitussive, mucolytic (syn.) , anticattarhal
System :
Respiratory
Indications :
wet cough, bronchitis, asthma
Herbs: Indian Tobacco ( Lobelia inflata) Blue Gum ( Eucalyptis globulus) Horehound ( Marrubium vulgare) Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Horehound
Marrubium vulgare
Expectorant
antitussive
antispasmodic
MoA :
stimulates bronchial secretions
relaxes smooth muscles
Blue Gum
Eucalyptus globulus
Expectorant
antiseptic antimicrobial rubefacient analgeic (topical) antispasmodic
Eucalyptus oil Moa
irritating to mucous membranes
stimulate bronchial secretions
may help break up phlegm directly
Indian Tobacco
Lobelia inflata
Expectorant
emetic
cathartic
antispasmodic
MoA :
stimulates medullary chemoreceptor to trigger CNS to induce vomitting.
increase secretion of mucosa for the GI and respiratory tract
Low does expectorant , high dose emetic ( causes vomiting)
Licorice and cough
Glycyrrhiza glabra
antitussive
expectorant]antiviral
antiinflammatory
MoA :
stimulates bronchial secretions and increase the water content of mucous to make it less viscous relaxes smooth muscles.
Diuretic
increases the production and elimination of urine
System : urinary
Indications :
UTIs , kidney stones, detoxification
Herbs : Parsley ( Petroselium crispum) Juniper ( Juniperus communis) Bear berry ( Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) Horsetail ( Equisetum arvense)
Parsely
Petroselinum crispum
Diuretic
Urinary antiseptic
Caution while preganant - could cause miscarriage in high amounts
Juniper
Juniperus communis
Diuretic
Urinary antiseptic
Urinary antiseptic
Discourages or inhibits growth of microorganisms in the urninary tract
System : urinary
Indications : UTI
Herbs : Juniper Juniperus communia Bear Berry ( Asctostaphylos uva-ursi) Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum) Cranberry ( Vacciunum macrocarpon)
comments :
urinary antiseptic are comprised of essential oils
Bearberry + MoA
Actostaphylos uva-ursi
Actions :
Urinary antiseptic
astringent
diuretic
MoA :
contains arbutin which is a hydroquinone glycoside
- antiseptic quialies are activated once the sugars are removed from certain bacteria
Arbutin in an alkaline environment may facilitate the oxidation of hydroquinon to quinon ( sequester free radicals or generate free radicals)
Antiadherance (urinary)
prevents the attachment of certain microorganisms to the mucosa of the host , which is required to establish infection
System : urinary
Indications : UTI
Herbs : Cranberry ( Vaccinium macropon)
Comments : Typically used as a secondary action for urinary complaints
Astringent ( urinary)
helps tonify mucous membranes
System : urinary
Indications :
hematuria
UTI
Herbs :
horsetail (equisetum arvense)
Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon)
Bearberry ( Arctostphylos uva-ursi)
Horsetail
Equisetum arvense
Astringent ( urinary)
diuretic
Demulcent ( urinary)
Increases mucous production to protect the kidney, uretors, bladder, and urethra against friction and iritation
Syste, : urinary
Indications :
UTI, Urinary gravel and kidney stones
Herbs :
marshmallow ( Althea officinalis)
typically used as secondary action for urinary complaints
Marshmallow
Althea officinalis
Urinary Demulcent
GI demulcent
Antilithic
Prevents and aids in explusion of liths ( stones) from the body
System:
urinary, biliary
Indications :
gallstones, kidney stones
Herbs :
Chanca piedra ( Phyllanthus niruri)
joe-pye weed ( Eupatorium pupureum)
Cranberry ( Vaccinium Macrocarpon)
Chanca piedra
Phyllanthus niruri
Antilithic
Joe-pye weed
Euphatorium pupureum
Antiilithic
Carminative
Promotes digestion ad relieves gas and bloating
Related :
antispasmodic, rubefacient
System : GI
Indications :
indigestion , colic , flatulence, IBS
Herbs :
Peppermint ( Metha piperita) & plants in lamiaceae family
fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare) & Apiaceae family
Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) & Zingiveracease family
Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita)
MoA : increase blood flow to intestines
relax smooth muscles and sphincters &normalize peristalists
can aggrevate heartburn/cause reflux
Fennel
Foneiculum vulgare
& Apiaceae family
Carminative
Antiemetic
relieves nausea and vomitting
System : GI
Indications :
N&V from pregnancy, motion sickness, chemo
Herbs :
Ginger ( Zingiber officinale)
Marijuana ( Cannabis sativa)
Peppermint ( Methna piperita)
Affects many receptors
serotonins (5-HT3) antagonist = ginger
• cannabinoid aganoist = marijuana
• Muscarinic antagonist = anticholinergics
Marijuana
Cannabis sativa
Antiemetic
Stomachic
Emetic
Induces Vomitting
Related : expectorant
System : GI
Indications : poisoning . detox, infection
Herbs :
Ipecac ( Cephaelis ipecacuanha)
Indian tobacco ( Lobelia inflata)
Ipecac
Cephaelis ipecacuanha
Emetic
Bitter tonic
tonifies the digestive organs to increase appetite and stimulate digestive function
System : GI , hepatobiliary
Related :
sialogue, stomachic, cholagogue and choleretic, laxitive ( mild)
Indications : indigestion ( dyspepsia) 'atonic' stomach poor appetite ( anorexia) low stomach acid
MoA : release digestive juices via : gastrin( stmach acid and sphincter tone) and CCK (cholecystokinin - increase bile and pancreatic enzyme release)
Herbs : yellow gential ( Gentiana lutea) wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium)
Caution : heartburn/reflux
- may help cases of heartburn as well.
Yellow gentian
Gentiana lutea
Bitter Tonic
Bitter - Aromatic
Bitters with aromatic oils providing additional carminative effect
Herbs :
Garden angelica ( Angelica archangelica)
Wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium)
Bitter Pungent
Posses the bitter actions but taste pungent rather than bitter
Herbs : Ginger ( zingiber officinale)
Garden angelica
Angelica archangelica
Bitter - Aromatic
Sialagogue
Stimulates salivation
Related :
Bitters
System : GI
Indications : xerostomia ( dry mouth)
Mechanism of Action:
Bitters ( vagus nerve)
parasympathomimetic ( via nicotinic and muscarinic receptors)
Stomachic
tones the stomach and helps increase appetite and support digestion
Related : Bitter (all bitters are stomachics)
System : GI
Indications : indigestion, hypochorhydia
Herbs:
bitters,
marijuana ( Cannabis sativa)
Ginger ( Ziniber officinale)
Bitters are the main types but non-bitters exist ( cannabis)
cautin ( heartburn)
Choleretic
increases production and release of bile from liver
Cholagogue
stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and the expulsion of bile
System :
Hepatobiliary
Indications : indigestion, cholestasis ( gallstones, sludge) , detox
Caution : could precipitate a gall bladder attack
use with caution for gallstones
Case : Elderly woman with Gastric Pain
Gastric pain for several years + bloating after meals
Arthritis multiple joints
- remove dairy
- tonify the stomach ( digestive tincture)
Antispasmodic (GI)
prevents and relieves spasms and cramping
Related : carminative
System : GI , urinary, repiratory, reproduction
Indications : intestinal colic ( gas), bilary colic ( d/t gallstones), IBS
Herb : Greater celadine ( Chelidonium majus)
carminatives have antispasmotic properties but not all antispasmotic are carminatives (deadly nightshade)
Greater Celadine
Chelidonium majus
Actions :
Antispasmotic bitter cholagogue cholerectic stomachic alterative
Antilithic
Prevents and aids in the expulsion of liths (stones) from the body
Related :
cholagogue , choleretic
System : GI, Urinary
Indications : gallstones, kidney stones
Herbs : Boldo ( Peumus boldus)
Comments : most bitter herbs could be used to treat gallstones because they increase the production of bile.
Caution : attempting to dissolve stones has risks such as obstruction of the common bile duct.
Bodo
Peumus boldus
Actions: antilithic bitter cholagogue choleretic stomachic antimicrobial alterative
