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Pharmacology > Herbal > Flashcards

Herbal Flashcards

1
Q

what is aloe vera used for

A
  • topical healing agent for wounds and reduces pain
  • dentistry: apply externally as lip balm or gel; soothe inflamed gums and sores in the mouth; consume 60ml of juice to treat ulcerations of the mouth
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2
Q

what is black cohosh used foreign dentistry and what happens if od

A
  • relieves cramps in the jaw or neck

- in case of overdose: nausea and vomiting

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3
Q

what is cayenne used for

A
  • topical to treat inflammation and pain

- dentistry: saturate cotton with oil of cayenne and place it on an aching tooth for emergency relief

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4
Q

what is chamomile used for

A
  • mild sedative
  • safety concerns: additive sedation with CNS depressants
  • dentistry: poultice for pain and swelling; drink as hot tea to promote relaxation; use as a mouthwash to soothe inflamed, irritated gums
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5
Q

what is cranberry used for

A
  • to treat UTIs
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6
Q

what is echinacea used for

A
  • immune stimulant to treat colds and flu
  • can treat strep throat
  • dentistry: combined with myrrh and liquorice root; used for the tx of abscesses in the mouth
  • long term use can increase the risk of poor wound healing and opportunistic infections
  • long term use: decreases your ability to fight disease
  • can be toxic to the liver
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7
Q

what is eucalyptus used for

A
  • rub oil on sore, inflamed gums for temporary relief
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8
Q

what is evening primrose used for

A
  • treat symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and menopause

- in dentistry: rub on sore, inflamed gums for temporary relief

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9
Q

what might be a safety concern for evening primrose

A
  • safety concern: may inhibit platelet aggregation

- may interact with NSAIDs and aspirin to cause bleeding

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10
Q

what is feverfew used for

A
  • prevent migraine headache
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11
Q

what is a safety concern for feverfew

A
  • may prolong bleeding

- may interact with NSAIDs and aspirin to cause bleeding

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12
Q

what can garlic be used for

A
  • lowering blood cholesterol
  • strengthens the immune system (natural antibiotic)
  • lowers BP
  • ensures longevity
  • fresh oil or raw cloves are best
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13
Q

what are some safety concerns with garlic

A
  • irreversible platelet aggregation inhibitor
  • may prolong bleeding
  • may interact with NSAIDs and aspirin to cause bleeding -> discontinue garlic 7 days prior to surgery
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14
Q

what can ginger be used for

A
  • antiemetic

- remedy for sore throat

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15
Q

what are some safety concerns with gingiver

A
  • may inhibit lately activating factor

- may interact with NSAIDs and aspirin to cause bleeding

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16
Q

what can ginkgo biloba be used for

A
  • increase peripheral blood flow in tx of peripheral vascular insufficiency
  • memory enhancement
  • treat mild Alzheimers
  • can increase gum disease :/
  • proven to delay deterioration of cognitive functions and prolong walking distances (placebo)
17
Q

what are some safety concerns with gingko biloba

A
  • may inhibit lately activating factor

- may interact with NSAIDs and aspirin to cause bleeding

18
Q

what can ginseng be used for

A
  • support immune function
  • enhance physical and mental performance
  • in dentistry: use in a tonic to promote circulation and help repair irritated gum tissue, discontinue at least 7 days before surgery
19
Q

what are some safety concerns with ginseng

A
  • may prolong bleeding
  • can lower blood sugar -> hypoglycaemia
  • may interact with NSAIDs and aspirin to cause bleeding
20
Q

what can green tea be used for

A
  • antioxidant
  • used to reduce serum cholesterol levels
  • anti-carcinogenic activity
  • need to take 4-6 cups a day for effects
21
Q

what are some safety concerns for green tea

A
  • may prolong bleeding at high doses
22
Q

what can hawthorn be used for

A
  • cardiotonic in tx of mild heart failure, angina, and peripheral vascular disease
23
Q

how can herbal tea be harmful to teeth

A
  • can erode the protective layers of enamel that surround every tooth
  • 3 times for acidic than fruit juice
24
Q

what can kava kava be used for

A
  • to treat anxiety and induce sedation
  • used to treat parkinsons
  • proven to reduce anxiety > placebo
25
Q

what are some safety concerns of kava kava

A
  • coma has occurred with alprazolam
  • may potentiate alcohol and CNS depressants
  • enhance anesthesia
26
Q

what can lemon balm be used for

A
  • cream promoted the healing of cold sore blisters in 5 days

- if used regularly; can decrease the frequency of cold sore recurrence

27
Q

what can liquorice root be use for

A
  • tea to promote a healthy immune system
28
Q

when should you not take liquorice root

A
  • high blood pressure
  • heart problems
  • taking digoxin-based drugs
29
Q

what can parsley be used for

A
  • natural diuretic

- chewing on sprig will help eliminate bad breath

30
Q

what can st johns wort be used for

A
  • used to treat mild to moderate depression
  • topical agent to treat bruises and sprains
  • proven: greater efficacy than placebo in mood elevation
31
Q

what are some safety concerns for st johns wort

A
  • appears to elevate liver enzymes to rapidly metabolize many drugs making them less effective
  • enhance effects of anesthesia and sedatives
  • can cause drowsiness and sensitivity to light
  • discontinue 5 days prior to surgery
  • do not mix with other medications, especially antidepressants
32
Q

what can tea tree oil be used for

A
  • antiseptic and antifungal
  • dentistry: rub directly on cold sores to promote healing. rub directly on sore inflamed gums for temporary relief. use mouthwash to soothe mouth inflammation
33
Q

what can valerian be used for

A
  • used as a sedative or hypnotic

- alternative nitrous oxide to calm anxious or nervous patients

34
Q

what are some safety concerns for valerian

A
  • may potentiate CNS depressants

- enhance effects of anesthesia

35
Q

what 5 drugs do you need to be sure your Pte has discontinued before surgery

A
  • garlic: 7 days before
  • ginkgo: 36 days before
  • ginseng: 7 days before
  • kava: 24 hours before
  • st johns wort: 5 days before

Pharmacology (21 decks)

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