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CALE STUDY > Herb-Drug Rxns > Flashcards

Herb-Drug Rxns Flashcards

1
Q

Bai Mao Liang (Goldenseal) interacts with which types of meds?

A

Anticoagulants
Warfarin
Heparin

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2
Q

What may happen if Bai Mao Liang (Goldenseal) interacts with anticoagulants?

A

Increased risk of thrombo-embolism

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3
Q

Ju Hua interacts with these three medications:

A
  1. Barbiturates
  2. Fe supplements
  3. Anticoagulant: Warfarin
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4
Q

Ju Hua interaxn w/ Barbiturates = ?

A

Intensified/ prolonged effects of sedatives

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5
Q

Ju Hua interaction with Fe supplement = ?

A

Ju Hua reduces absorption of Fe

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6
Q

What happens when Ju Hua is mixed with Warfarin?

A

Increased bleeding

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7
Q

Echinacea may react with these medications:

A
  1. Immunosuppressants
  2. Amiodarone, anabolic steroids, ketoconazole, methotrexate
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8
Q

Why does echinacea counteract immunosuppressants?

A

strengthens T-cells, which antagonizes immunosuppressants

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9
Q

Ma Huang interacts with these stimulants by increasing stimulating effects

A

Epinephrine
Pseudophedrine
Phenylpropanolamine

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10
Q

What class of antidepressants does Ma Huang interact with?

A

MAOIs

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11
Q

What happens when Ma Huang reacts with MAOIs?

A

Intensifies medication effect and side effects (stomachache, H/A, tremor, HTN)

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12
Q

Xiao Bai Ju (Feverfew) interacts with these five different medication types

A
  1. Antimigraines - increases stimulating effect of med
  2. Antiplatelets - inc. bleeding
  3. Fe Supplements - dec. Fe absorption
  4. NSAIDs - prevents medication effect
  5. Warfarin - inc. bleeding
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13
Q

Da Suan complements what kind of medications?

A

Antihypertensives

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14
Q

What reaction does Da Suan have with antiplatelet drugs and Warfarin?

A

Increased bleeding

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15
Q

Da Suan may react negatively with HIV medication (protease inhibitors) in what way?

A

Reduce protease effect

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16
Q

Ginger, Gingko, Garlic, and Ginseng all react with Warfarin in what way?

A

Increase bleeding

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17
Q

People prone to seizures or who have epilepsy and are on anticonvulsants should avoid what “memory” herb?

A

Gingko

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18
Q

Gingko, Ma Huang, Ren Shen, Gan Cao, and St. John’s Wort all increase the side effects of which class of antidepressants?

A

MAOI

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19
Q

Ren Shen increases bleeding when taken with these two types of medications

A
  1. Anticoagulants (Warfarin)
  2. NSAIDs
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20
Q

Why should someone w/ diabetes and Rx’ed Glipizide avoid taking Ren Shen?

A

Ren Shen may increase hypoglycemia

(BC Ren Shen on its own can be used as an antidiabetic herb)

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21
Q

What reaction does Ren Shen have with Corticosteroids?

A

Inc. adverse effects of anti-inflammatories

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22
Q

Adverse effect of Ren Shen and Digoxin?

A

Ren Shen may increase blood digoxin levels and lead to irregular heart beats, fatigue, N/V, seizures

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23
Q

Ginseng may increase the adverse effects of what hormone?

A

Estrogen

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24
Q

Ginseng may reduce the effectiveness of this highly addictive class of painkillers?

A

Opioids

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25
Q

Green Tea taken with Warfarin may increase the risk of?

A

Thromboembolism

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26
Q

Kava may increase the sedative effects of these two classes of medications

A

Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates

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27
Q

Gan Cao should not be taken with these two heart medications

A
  1. Antiarrhythmics - Inc. abnormal HT rhythm
  2. Digoxin - increases digoxin toxicity
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28
Q

Gan Cao increases K+ when taken with _ and decreases K+ when taken with _

A

Increases K+ w/ Diuretics
Decreases K+ w/ Digoxin

29
Q

Milk Thistle, like Ren Shen, may intensify this effect when taken with an antihyperglycemic medication?

A

Increase hypoglycemia

30
Q

In HIV patients, Milk Thistle may decrease the efficacy of this class of medications by lowering the blood level of the drug in the system

A

Protease Inhibitors

31
Q

Saw Palmetto may decrease the levels of what hormone in the body?

32
Q

As an anti-estrogenic herb, _ should not be taken with oral contraceptives, estrogen, or during pregnancy?

A

Saw Palmetto

33
Q

St. John’s Wort should not be taken with which organ transplant/ immunosuppressant drug?

A

Cyclosporine?

34
Q

St. John’s Wort is contra with these classes of antidepressants:

A
  1. SSRIs
  2. MAOIs
  3. Tricyclic Antidepressants
35
Q

St. John’s Wort cannot be taken with Warfarin as it increases the risk of ?

A

Thromboembolism

36
Q

Reaction of St. John’s Wort and Digoxin?

A

SJW increases digoxin toxicity

37
Q

St. John’s Wort reacts negatively with these two drug classes typically Rx’ed as first line antiretrovirals?

A

NNRTIs
Protease Inhibitors

38
Q

How does St. John’s Wort react with oral contraceptives?

A

SJW reduces effectiveness

39
Q

Valerian, like Kava, should not be taken with these sedative drug classes?

A

Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines

40
Q

How does a high protein diet affect the metabolism of drugs?

A

In general, high-protein meals may help to increase drug absorption

41
Q

Grapefruit may inhibit or slow the metabolism of these drug types:

A
  1. Statins
  2. Calcium Channel Blockers
  3. Anticoagulants
  4. Antiplatelet drugs
  5. Cyclosporine/ Immunosuppressants
  6. more
42
Q

These three mineral deficiencies may lead to impaired drug metabolism

A

Ca++
Mg++
Zn

43
Q

This vitamin deficiency may particularly affect drug metabolism in the elderly

44
Q

Why is Bai Shao cautioned when taken with sedatives?

A

Bc Bai Shao is also sedative and can increase sleeping time induced by barbiturates

45
Q

Bai Shao is cautioned with what classes of clot preventing pharmaceuticals?

A

Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets

46
Q

Bai Shao, Cang Er Zi, Zhi Mu, and Niu Bang Zi have a synergistic effect with insulin, sulfonylureas, tolbutamide, glipizide, and glyburide, and may therefore lead to (-)

A

Hypoglycemia

47
Q

This clear heat, relieve toxicity herb may potentiate anticoagulants and antiplatelets

A

Ban Lan Gen

48
Q

This laxative herb may decrease potassium levels when used chronically, or in high doses.

49
Q

Dan Shen Yin, Hong Hua, and Pu Huang may have a synergistic effect with which classes of clot preventing pharmaceuticals?

A

Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets

50
Q

Dang Gui may potentiate the effects of which classes of clot preventing pharmaceuticals?

A

Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets

51
Q

Concurrent use of Fu Ling with (-) this class of drugs may lead to hyper elimination of water and electrolytes

52
Q

Fu Zi affects muscle contraction and heart rate and should therefore be avoided in patients who are taking what class of pharmaceuticals?

A

Antiarrhythmics

53
Q

Gan Cao may increase blood pressure and fluid retention when used with what kind of medication?

A

Oral Contraceptives

54
Q

Large amounts of Gan Cao may react with this class of drugs and may thus lead to loss of potassium in the body

55
Q

Gan Cao may alter the therapeutic effects of this class of drugs used for allergy and respirology medicine, Addison’s disease and other adrenal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, among other conditions.

A

Corticosteroids

56
Q

The cardioglycoside, Digoxin, which has been getting phased out due to hypertoxicity, within the past few years, must be cautioned when taken with which sweet, Qi tonifying herb, as well as, this herb that relieves food stagnation

A

Gan Cao
Shan Zha

57
Q

What herb can expedite the metabolism of certain drugs such as cocaine, picrotoxin, caffeine, nicotine, and barbiturates, thus may actually help with a potential overdose of those substances?

58
Q

Ge Gen has been studied for its potential use of reducing cravings for what substance?

59
Q

Gui Zhi may lead to an increased elimination of water and/or electrolytes when used with this class of drugs

60
Q

Hu Jiao (black pepper) may increase the absorption of this beta blocker, which may lead to increased effects/ side effects.

A

Propranolol

61
Q

Huang Qin may have a synergistic effect with this class of drugs, which may make them useful against beta-lactum-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus

A

beta-lactum antibiotics

62
Q

Shigella bacteria, S. aureus, and b-hemolytic streptococus may be inhibited by which cool, acrid surface releasing herb

63
Q

Long Dan Cao and Zhi Zi can lead to prolonged sedation when used with

A

Sedatives - barbiturates, antihistamines, analgesics, benzodiazepines

64
Q

Long Dan Cao may lead to hyper elimination of water or electrolytes when used with

65
Q

Long Dan Cao may lead to hyper sedation and drowsiness when used with this type of analgesic

66
Q

Several studies have shown that drinking this herb may lead to weight loss. However caution is advised when using with caffeine or ephedrine, as the weight loss may be too much, along with other effects such as insomnia, agitation, and tremors.

67
Q

This herb may be helpful when co-administered with chemotherapy, as it may decrease resistance to chemo drugs and may preserve CD3/CD4 activity with positive effects on survival

68
Q

San Leng and E Zhu promote blood circulation and should therefore be cautioned with which classes of clot preventing drugs?

A

Anticoagulant
Antiplatelet

CALE STUDY (20 decks)

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