hepatobiliary

Question 1

hormone production

Answer 1

angiotensinogen
thrombopoietin
hepcidin (blocks release of iron from intracellular store)
beatrophin (stims proliferation of beta cells)

Question 2

sx of liver disease

Answer 2

jaundice
abd pain
swell legs, ankles, abd
itch
dark urine, pale stool
n/v
bruise easily

Question 3

jaundice

Answer 3

disturbance of bilirubin metabolism causing hyperbilirubinemia
>2.5 mg/dl

Question 4

bilirubin

Answer 4

0.1-1.2 mg/dl

Question 5

conjugated bilirubing in urine

Answer 5

norm 0-0.2 mg/dl
increase caused by obstructive jaundice

Question 6

hepatitis

Answer 6

injury to liver characterized by presence of inflammatory cells in tissue
acute <6months

Question 7

hepatitis A

Answer 7

viral infection of liver causing inflammatory hepatic tissue
fecal oral route

Question 8

hepatitis B

Answer 8

HBV spread by blood, spit, semen, etc. STD.
swelled liver

Question 9

hepatitis C

Answer 9

similar to HBV.
leads to cirrhosis

Question 10

hepatitis D

Answer 10

only if already infected with HBV.
swelling of liver

Question 11

hepatitis E

Answer 11

drinking water infected
swelling of liver, no long term damage.
oral-anal contact

Question 12

cirrhosis

Answer 12

irreversible chronic liver disease of diffused inflammation and fibrosis of tissue

Question 13

laennec’s

Answer 13

alcoholic cirrhosis
alc is metabolized to acetaldehyde, toxic to hepatocytes

Question 14

biliary

Answer 14

obstruction of bile canaliculi and ducts by autoimmune, tumor, gallstones, chronic pancreatitis

Question 15

postnecrotic

Answer 15

chronic/ sever liver disease such as hepatitis

Question 16

cirrhosis complications

Answer 16

portal HTN
esophageal varices
ascites
hepatic encephalopathy

Question 17

esophageal varices

Answer 17

melena
decreases H/H
blood in emesis and signs of hypovolemic shock

Question 18

ascites

Answer 18

accumulation of plasma rich fluid w/I peritoneal cavity
- abd distension, weight gain, edema, respiratory distress

Question 19

hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 19

neuro condition caused by accumulation of toxic substances in blood (ammonia)
memory loss, irritable, confusion, asterixis

Question 20

hepatorenal syndrome

Answer 20

renal failure d/t advanced liver failure caused by alterations in circulation
sudden renal failure

Question 21

cancer of liver

Answer 21

RUQ pain/ mass
fullness epigastric
anorexia
fever, jaundice, variceal bleed

Question 22

cholelithiasis

Answer 22

gallstones occur anywhere w/I biliary tree
RUQ pain, radiates to R scapula
N/V, heartburn, flatulence
fever, chills

Question 23

cholecystitis

Answer 23

distension and inflammation of gallbladder, leading to secondary infection
pain/sx similar to gallstones

Question 24

pacreatitis

Answer 24

obstruction to flow of pancreatic enzymes resulting in inflammation
upper abd pain, extends to back
n/v
fever, rapid pulse
bluish discoloration over flank/ umbilicus

Question 25

pancreatic cancer

Answer 25

slow anorexia, nausea, dull epigastric pain
jaundice, pruritus, clay stool
diabetes