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exam 2 > endocrine > Flashcards

endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

what does the endocrine system use to deliver hormones?

A

blood vessels

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2
Q

hypothalamus

A

portion of the brain that maintains homeostasis
link between endocrine and nervous system

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3
Q

hypothalamus hormones

A

highly involved in pituitary
neurohormones that start and stop pituitary hormones
temp, HR, fluid, sleep, appetite

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4
Q

ADH

A

increases water absorption into the blood via kidneys

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5
Q

CRH

A

sends message to anterior pituitary to stimulate adrenal glands and secrete corticosteroids, regulating metabolism and immune response

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6
Q

GnRH

A

stimulates anterior pituitary to release follicle releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone to ensure normal ovary and testes functions

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7
Q

pituitary gland

A

hormones control other glands, thyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes
signaled by hypothalamus

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8
Q

pineal gland

A

releases melatonin (circadian and reproduction)

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9
Q

thyroid

A

regulates metabolism
controlled by hypothalamus and pituitary

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10
Q

thyroid hormone

A

maintains metabolism extracts iodine from the blood and incorporates into thyroid hormone

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11
Q

hormones of the thyroid

A

T3 (20%) T4 (80%)

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12
Q

parathyroid gland

A

secretes parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium 
helps neuronal and muscular

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13
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

causes cell bones to release calcium into bloodstream
increases formation of active vitamin D

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14
Q

cortisol

A

produced by adrenal cortex
regulates metabolism and response to stress

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15
Q

asldosterone

A

produced by adrenal cortex
controls BP

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16
Q

adrenal medulla

A

non essential hormones
adrenaline- response to stress

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17
Q

hydrocortisone

A

adrenal cortex glucocorticoid
regulates conversation of fats, protein, and carbs to energy

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18
Q

corticosterone

A

works with hydrocortisone to regulate immune response and suppress inflammatory response

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19
Q

norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla
vasoconstriction, high BP in response to stress

20
Q

islets of langerhans

A

clumps of endocrine cells in the pancreas

21
Q

gastrin

A

pancreas
aids digestion by stimulating cells to produce acid

22
Q

glucagon

A

pancreas
helps insulin maintain BG by stimulating cells to release glucose

23
Q

insulin

A

pancreas
maintains BG by allowing cells to absorb and use glucose

24
Q

somatostatin

A

pancreas
secreted to maintain levels of other hormones (glucagon, insulin) when they get too high

25
Q

vasoactive intestinal peptide

A

hormone that controls water secretion and absorption from intestines by stimulating intestinal cells to release water and salts.

26
Q

diabetes

A

blindness, ESRD, lower limb amputation

27
Q

type 2 manifestations

A

fatigue, infections, prolonged wound healing, visual changes

28
Q

gestational diabetes

A

macrosomia
cardiac and CNS anomalies
inhibit fetal surfactant productions
hyperbilirubinemia

29
Q

acute hyperglycemia

A

blurred vision, pruritus, there Ps (polydipsia, Uria, phagia

30
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis, dehydration

31
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

increase BMR, cardiovascular, GI, neuromuscular
weight loss, heat intolerance

32
Q

hyperthyroidism features

A

exophthalmus, dysrhythmias

33
Q

thyroid storm

A

cardiac, sensory, edema, airway

34
Q

hypothyroidism

A

decreased BMR, heat production (cold), GI, myxedema

35
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia
metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia

36
Q

iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism

A

caused by total parathyroidectomy of hyper plastic glands
most common

37
Q

idiopathic hypoparathyroidism

A

associated with adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, DM, pernicious anemia, gonadal failure,

38
Q

pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

unresponsive to PTH

39
Q

hypoparathyroidism features

A

kidney stones, respiratory, tetany

40
Q

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

A

excessive amount of ADH, resulting in water intoxication and hyponatremia

41
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

deficiency in production of SH, excess amount of water

42
Q

DI manifestations

A

polyuria, polydipsia, dry tenting skin, fluid volume deficits

43
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

adrenal cortex, excess cortisol/ ACTH

44
Q

cushings manifestations

A

moon face, thin hair, htn,

45
Q

thymosin

A

develops disease fighting T cells

46
Q

addison’s disease

A

hypo function of adrenal cortex
lack of ACTH secretion from pituitary

47
Q

addison’s disease manifestations

A

hyperpigmentation of skin
hypovolemia
confusion, muscle weakness,
tachy, dysrhythmias, OHTN

exam 2 (6 decks)

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