Hepatitis Flashcards
Which type of hepatitis is the most common?
Hepatitis A
How is hepatitis A spread?
Through the faecal-oral route
What can be injected to cause Hepatitis A?
Contaminated water or shellfish
How long does a person have clinical symptoms for?
4-7 days, excreted in the faeces after 2 weeks
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis A?
Fever Malaise Anorexia Upper abdominal pain Jaundice 3-10 days after exposure
What are the diagnostic investigations for Hep A?
HAV IgM antibodies
Raised serum Last and ALT
What is the management for Hep A?
Dietary measures
Supportive treatment
What type of vaccine is Hep A?
Inactivated
Who should get the vaccine?
Travellers/ CLD/ haemophiliacs
What can hepatitis progress to?
Cirrhosis
ESLD
Liver cancer
Wats is the differential of Hep A?
Alcoholic hepatitis
What is the transmission route of hepatitis B?
Vertical transmission
Blood
IV
Where is the highest risk of Hep B?
SEA, China, equatorial Africa, Oceania, South America
What is the acute presentation of Hep B?
Anorexia Lethargy Nausea Fever Abdominal discomfort Arthralgia Urticarial skin Dark coloured urine
What re the 2 clinical investigations to do?
Serum HBeAg and HBV-DNA markers of viral replication
HBsAg marker of acute or chronic infection
What is the treatment of Hep B?
PEGYLATED α INTERFERON
Long acting s/c wkly for 12m
Nucleos(t)ide analogues (inhibit reverse transcriptase): ENTECAVIR, TENOFOVIR
May need liver transplant
What type of vaccine is hep B?
Recombinant
What percentage of the Scottish population have Hep C?
1%
How is Hep C transmitted?
Blood route
What is the presentation of Hep C?
Subclinical or mild (clearance more common in F and icteric illness) Symptoms in 20% vague Malaise Anorexia Fatigue
What is the investigation for hep C?
HCV antigen and HCV-RNA detection available
What is the treatment of Hep C?
PEGYLATED α INTERFERON and RIBIVIRIN (in acute or chronic)
What is hep D always associated with?
Hep B
How is hep D transmitted?
Parenteral transmission (usually IDU). Can get family spread but vertical or sexual transmission
When is hep E prevalent?
Developing countries
Transmission is sewage contaminated drinking after and food, undercooked pork products
What Hep does Hep E resemble?
A
