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Infection > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of hepatitis is the most common?

A

Hepatitis A

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2
Q

How is hepatitis A spread?

A

Through the faecal-oral route

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3
Q

What can be injected to cause Hepatitis A?

A

Contaminated water or shellfish

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4
Q

How long does a person have clinical symptoms for?

A

4-7 days, excreted in the faeces after 2 weeks

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of Hepatitis A?

A 
Fever
Malaise
Anorexia
Upper abdominal pain 
Jaundice 3-10 days after exposure
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6
Q

What are the diagnostic investigations for Hep A?

A

HAV IgM antibodies

Raised serum Last and ALT

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7
Q

What is the management for Hep A?

A

Dietary measures

Supportive treatment

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8
Q

What type of vaccine is Hep A?

A

Inactivated

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9
Q

Who should get the vaccine?

A

Travellers/ CLD/ haemophiliacs

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10
Q

What can hepatitis progress to?

A

Cirrhosis
ESLD
Liver cancer

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11
Q

Wats is the differential of Hep A?

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

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12
Q

What is the transmission route of hepatitis B?

A

Vertical transmission
Blood
IV

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13
Q

Where is the highest risk of Hep B?

A

SEA, China, equatorial Africa, Oceania, South America

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14
Q

What is the acute presentation of Hep B?

A 
Anorexia
Lethargy
Nausea
Fever
Abdominal discomfort
Arthralgia
Urticarial skin 
Dark coloured urine
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15
Q

What re the 2 clinical investigations to do?

A

Serum HBeAg and HBV-DNA markers of viral replication

HBsAg marker of acute or chronic infection

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16
Q

What is the treatment of Hep B?

A

PEGYLATED α INTERFERON
Long acting s/c wkly for 12m
Nucleos(t)ide analogues (inhibit reverse transcriptase): ENTECAVIR, TENOFOVIR
May need liver transplant

17
Q

What type of vaccine is hep B?

A

Recombinant

18
Q

What percentage of the Scottish population have Hep C?

A

1%

19
Q

How is Hep C transmitted?

A

Blood route

20
Q

What is the presentation of Hep C?

A 
Subclinical or mild (clearance more common in F and icteric illness)
Symptoms in 20% vague 
Malaise 
Anorexia 
Fatigue
21
Q

What is the investigation for hep C?

A

HCV antigen and HCV-RNA detection available

22
Q

What is the treatment of Hep C?

A

PEGYLATED α INTERFERON and RIBIVIRIN (in acute or chronic)

23
Q

What is hep D always associated with?

A

Hep B

24
Q

How is hep D transmitted?

A

Parenteral transmission (usually IDU). Can get family spread but vertical or sexual transmission

25
Q

When is hep E prevalent?

A

Developing countries

Transmission is sewage contaminated drinking after and food, undercooked pork products

26
Q

What Hep does Hep E resemble?

A

A

Infection (12 decks)

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