Hepatic pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is liver failure

A

a deficiency in metabolic or synthetic capacity of the liver

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2
Q

which are the 2 liver failure

A

acute & chronic

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3
Q

what happen in the acute liver failure?

A

occurs due to rapid necrosis of hepatic tissue

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4
Q

what is acetaminophen

A

basically paracetamol

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5
Q

what do acetaminophen do?

A

inhibits COX enzymes in the brain

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6
Q

how does overdose works in paracetamol?

A

build up of N-acetyl-p-bnzoquinone imine which is a toxic substance

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7
Q

symptoms of acute liver failure

A

coagulopathy
encephalopathy
jaundice

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8
Q

what is hepatic encephalopathy

A

when toxins are build up in the blood stream from the damage liver, and they enters the brain and cause changes in the brain

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9
Q

how long can chronic liver failure progress of?

A

6 months

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10
Q

cause of chronic liver disease

A

alcoholism

viral hepatitis

haemochromatosis

Wilson’s disease

autoimmune disease

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11
Q

what does infection in hepatocytes result in

A

necrosis

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12
Q

what are the vaccine for the hepatitis?

A

hep B giving children in wales

hepA recommended for ppl travelling to high risk countries

HepC doesn’t have a vaccine

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13
Q

what are the clinical course for viral hepatitis

A

prodromal phase
2 weeks after exposure

iceteric phase
2-8 weeks post exposure

recovery phase
>8 weeks

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14
Q

symptoms occurs in chronic liver disease

A
nail clubbing
anaemia
caput medusae
testicular atrophy
spider nevi
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15
Q

symptoms that show a result of liver failure

A

jaundice

ascites

oedema

bruising

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16
Q

what is aflatoxins and where is it from?

A

various poisonous carcinogens and mutagens that are from the aspergillus (a green common fungus)

17
Q

what is cholangiocellular carcinoma?

A

cancer which orginates from bile duct epithelia

18
Q

what is clonchis sinensis?

A

a liver fluke parasite that human can get by eating raw or undercooked fish, it lives in bile ducts where it induces hyperplasia

19
Q

what is the another word for iron overload

A

haemochromatosis

20
Q

what causes primary hemochromatosis

A

caused by a defect in the genes that control how much iron you absorb from food

21
Q

what is secondary haemochromatosis cause from

A

caused by excessive iron in the diet or from multiple blood transfusions

iron toxicity is most common of causing fatal poisoning

22
Q

what result in iron-overloading anaemias

A

gallstones

23
Q

which 2 factor depends on composition of gallstones?

A
  • Cholesterol

- Biliverdin (green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment)