Hepatic pathology

Question 1

what is liver failure

Answer 1

a deficiency in metabolic or synthetic capacity of the liver

Question 2

which are the 2 liver failure

Answer 2

acute & chronic

Question 3

what happen in the acute liver failure?

Answer 3

occurs due to rapid necrosis of hepatic tissue

Question 4

what is acetaminophen

Answer 4

basically paracetamol

Question 5

what do acetaminophen do?

Answer 5

inhibits COX enzymes in the brain

Question 6

how does overdose works in paracetamol?

Answer 6

build up of N-acetyl-p-bnzoquinone imine which is a toxic substance

Question 7

symptoms of acute liver failure

Answer 7

coagulopathy
encephalopathy
jaundice

Question 8

what is hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 8

when toxins are build up in the blood stream from the damage liver, and they enters the brain and cause changes in the brain

Question 9

how long can chronic liver failure progress of?

Answer 9

6 months

Question 10

cause of chronic liver disease

Answer 10

alcoholism

viral hepatitis

haemochromatosis

Wilson’s disease

autoimmune disease

Question 11

what does infection in hepatocytes result in

Answer 11

necrosis

Question 12

what are the vaccine for the hepatitis?

Answer 12

hep B giving children in wales

hepA recommended for ppl travelling to high risk countries

HepC doesn’t have a vaccine

Question 13

what are the clinical course for viral hepatitis

Answer 13

prodromal phase
2 weeks after exposure

iceteric phase
2-8 weeks post exposure

recovery phase
>8 weeks

Question 14

symptoms occurs in chronic liver disease

Answer 14

nail clubbing
anaemia
caput medusae
testicular atrophy
spider nevi

Question 15

symptoms that show a result of liver failure

Answer 15

jaundice

ascites

oedema

bruising

Question 16

what is aflatoxins and where is it from?

Answer 16

various poisonous carcinogens and mutagens that are from the aspergillus (a green common fungus)

Question 17

what is cholangiocellular carcinoma?

Answer 17

cancer which orginates from bile duct epithelia

Question 18

what is clonchis sinensis?

Answer 18

a liver fluke parasite that human can get by eating raw or undercooked fish, it lives in bile ducts where it induces hyperplasia

Question 19

what is the another word for iron overload

Answer 19

haemochromatosis

Question 20

what causes primary hemochromatosis

Answer 20

caused by a defect in the genes that control how much iron you absorb from food

Question 21

what is secondary haemochromatosis cause from

Answer 21

caused by excessive iron in the diet or from multiple blood transfusions

iron toxicity is most common of causing fatal poisoning

Question 22

what result in iron-overloading anaemias

Answer 22

gallstones

Question 23

which 2 factor depends on composition of gallstones?

Answer 23

• Cholesterol

- Biliverdin (green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment)