Henry VIII: The Pilgrimage of Grace Flashcards
What was the Pilgrimage of Grace?
The largest single rebellion in the history of Tudor England.
Causes of the rebellion: Dissolution of monasteries- What did monasteries provide?
Provided charitable and educational functions; loss was impactful
Causes of the rebellion: Dissolution of monasteries-What possible loss could raise alarm?
Parish churches; monastic properties
Causes of the rebellion: Dissolution of monasteries- What were the fears for the north?
Fears that the north would be impoverished by monastic lands falling into the hands of southerners
Who was the rebel leader?
Robert Aske; convinced supporter of the monasteries.
Causes of the rebellion: Secular motives- What were ordinary rebels more motivated by?
More motivated by economic grievances; including resentment of taxation
Causes of the rebellion: Secular motives-Who did the Crown try and impose as great magnate?
Duke of Suffolk; upon Lincolnshire
Where did the rebellion initially start?
Began as a rising in Lincolnshire; early October 1536
Where did the rebellion initially spread?
Spread over the Humber into the East Riding of Yorkshire and continued into parts of the West Riding around Wakefield.
Where was the second rebellion starting?
The dales between Ripon and Richmond; spread west into Cumberland, Westmorland and north Lancashire
Why was the second rebellion more intense?
The rebels were more radicalised and more hostile towards the gentry.
How were the rebellions supressed?
-The Lincolnshire Rebellion quickly collapsed after facing the Duke of Suffolk but the Northern Rebels occupied York and Hull and also captured Pontefract Castle.
-The rebellions caused great alarm to the King and many ministers.
-The King sent out an army under the command of the Duke of Norfolk but when he encountered them in Doncaster, he was outnumbered. Norfolk sought after defusing the rebellion through pardons as well as promising that the monasteries would be restored and a free parliament established.
-The King would never honour these promises but the rebel forces did end up dispersing and they secured their strategic objectives.
- Henry had the excuse that he needed to go back on his word following the renewal of the rebellion in early 1537 in Cumberland. The Duke of Norfolk was able to quickly suppress this rebellion and declared martial law.
-In total, around 74 rebels were hanged and many others were soon dealt with through a proper legal process. Many of the rebel leaders such as Lords Darcy and Hussey, several members of the gentry and heads of monastic houses were arrested, tried and later executed.
- The Pilgrimage of Grace shook Henry but much of his role in the defusing process was poor since he ignored warnings of increasing feelings of resentment by the population if he didn’t want to hear them.
-The Duke of Norfolk showcased his common sense and flexibility.
-The Pilgrimage of Grace, despite its size, did very little to slow down the rapid religious changes happening at the time.
What did this Pilgrimage revive?
The Council of the North; with former Pilgrims
What did the North refuse to do?
Go to Westminster; wanted regional independence.
What taxation was the cause for the Lincolnshire rising?
Statue of Uses (1536); close of tax loopholes
