Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA AS-Tudors > Henry VII > Flashcards

Henry VII Flashcards

1
Q

When did Henry VII come to the throne?

A

1485

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were the reasons for Henry VII’s rise?

A

-Richard III was seen as a usurper and a child murderer
-Promises to marry Edward IV’s daughter (Elizabeth of York)
-French support and finance
-Foreign mercenaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where did Henry VII flee to, with who and why?

A

Fled to Brittany with his uncle Jasper in 1471 because Edward IV took to the throne again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When was the Battle of Bosworth?

A

22nd AUG 1485

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Events of the Battle of Bosworth

A

-Henry landed in Pembrokeshire and marched more than 200 miles into England
-Henry’s army numbered at 5000 compared to Edward’s 15 000.
-Most of the battle: favoured Richard III
-William Stanley came to Henry’s aid when he was in danger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consolidation of Power: When did Henry date his reign to?

A

21st AUG 1485

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Consolidation of Power: Why did Henry date back his reign?

A

-Remove the accusations of him being a ‘conqueror’
-Anyone who rebelled against him can be deemed as a traitor and killed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Consolidation of Power: How did Henry reward many of his key supporters?

A

Publicly (i.e. conferring 11 knighthoods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Consolidation of Power: Why did Henry reward many of his key supporters?

A

Increased the amounts of loyal supporters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Consolidation of Power: Who was the Earl of Warwick and what did he do with him?

A

Edward IV’s 10 year old nephew: Arranged for his supporters to detain him.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Consolidation of Power: Why did he detain the Earl of Warwick?

A

Remove alternative claims to the throne and rid of threats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Consolidation of Power: What key appointments did he make regarding his council and household?

A

Sir Reginald Bray became Chancellor for the Duchy of Lancaster

Sir William Stanley became the Chamberlain of the Household

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Consolidation of Power: Why did he make these key appointments?

A

Indicated that he had the authority to make appointments like these, illustrated strength and power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Consolidation of Power: When did he call his first Parliament?

A

7th NOV 1485

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Consolidation of Power: Why did he call his first Parliament?

A

Only a king was able to call Parliament, display of power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Consolidation of Power: When did he hold his coronation?

A

30th OCT 1485, before the first meeting of Parliament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Consolidation of Power: Why did he hold his coronation earlier?

A

Demonstrated hereditary power to Parliament.

Divine Right of Kings: had God’s approval.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Consolidation of Power: What successes did he have at the first meeting of Parliament?

A

-Gained the Acts of Attainder against the Yorkists who fought at Bosworth
-Was granted the customs revenue of tonnage and poundage for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Consolidation of Power: What did these successes at the first Parliamentary meeting mean for Henry?

A

-Property was forfeited to the Crown
-No trial, loss of land & money
-Crown gains money
-Poundage= taxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Consolidation of Power: Who did he marry and when?

A

Married Elizabeth of York in JAN 1486

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Consolidation of Power: Why did he marry?

A

-Secures an heir
-Signifies peace with Yorkists
-Ends the Civil War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Consolidation of Power: When did he undertake the royal procession of the North?

A

APR 1486

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Consolidation of Power: Why did he undertake the royal procession?

A

Show of strength and prescence: York is loyal to Yorkists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Consolidation of Power: When did he secure the dynasty with the birth of Prince Arthur?

A

SEP 1486

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Consolidation of Power: What did the birth of the Prince mean for consolidation of power?

A

Secures the line of succession: prevention of Civil Wars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why was it important for Henry to consolidate his power?

A

He had a weak claim to the throne: mother Margaret Beaufort was a descendant of Edward III.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Threats: Lord Lovell and the Staffords (Domestic Support)

A

Richard III’s heartland of support in the North Riding of Yorkshire: support in the Midlands was drawn up.

Very limited support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Threats: Lord Lovell and the Staffords (Quality of Leadership)

A

Little enthusiasm in the Yorkshire Rising: later supressed

Poor: unable to secure support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Threats: Lord Lovell and the Staffords (Why was Henry able to overcome this threat?)

A

Easily supressed: executed Humphrey Stafford, pardoned Thomas Stafford & Viscount Lovell escaped to Burgundy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Threats: Lord Lovell and the Staffords (Impact)

A

Limited but increased risk: early into Henry’s reign

Change of tactics: funds & figurehead needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Threats: Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln (Foreign Support)

A

Margaret of Burgundy (Netherlands): Supported Simnel’s claim, paid for a force of mercenaries to invade England

Support of Irish nobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Threats: Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln (Domestic Support)

A

Rebels landed on the northwest coast of Northumberland

John De La Pole: Yorkist claimant

Limited support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Threats: Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln (Quality of Leadership)

A

Use of figureheads (Earl of Warwick)

Fairly strong quality of leadership

Simnel was crowned in Ireland and granted 2000 mercenaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Threats: Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln (Why was Henry able to overcome this threat?)

A

Henry gathered a group of advisors (incl. close relatives of former Yorkists)

Armies were gathered in the South and the Midlands

Paraded the real Earl of Warwick around London.

Simnel was pardoned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Threats: Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln (Impact)

A

Victory at the Battle of Stokefield (1487): brought an end to the War of the Roses and Henry’s position was safer (not secured)

Policy developed of using bonds of good behaviour

Parallels with Henry’s own rise to power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Threats: Perkin Warbeck (Foreign Support)

A

Patronage from foreign rulers

Irish & Scottish support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Threats: Perkin Warbeck (Domestic Support)

A

James IV of Scotland: Warbeck fled to his court

William Stanley’s betrayal of Henry.

Drew English courtiers into his conspiracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Threats: Perkin Warbeck (Quality of Leadership)

A

Untrustworthy leader

Unorganised: wasn’t able to exploit the rebellion

Gains a lot of support and patronage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Threats: Perkin Warbeck (Why was Henry able to overcome this threat?)

A

Effective use of spies.

Able to alienate Warbeck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Threats: Perkin Warbeck (Impact)

A

Lasted a considerable amount of time

More of an international issue than a domestic one

Blocked trade with Burgundy: angered merchants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Threats: When did Lambert Simnel start his conspiracy?

A

1487: two years after the start of Henry’s reign.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Threats: Who was Simnel impersonating?

A

Earl of Warwick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Threats: What was the duration of Warbeck’s imposture?

A

8 years (1491-97)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Threats: What happened to Simnel?

A

Pardoned and given a job in the royal kitchens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Threats: What happened to Warbeck?

A

Confined to the tower, tried and executed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Control of nobility: Acts of Attainder

A

Act to declare a nobleman guilty of a crime against the Crown (usually treason)

Acts were reversible

138 total, 46 were reversed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Control of nobility: How many people did Henry attain following Bosworth?

A

38

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Control of nobility: How did the Acts of Attainder help Henry keep control?

A

Created loyalty and fear

Prevented rebellions

Loss of status for the nobles

Gain of money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Control of nobility: Acts against Illegal Retaining

A

Noblement keeping (retaining) servants (men) who fought in their private army.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Control of nobility: When was the first Act against Illegal Retaining passed and what did it state?

A

1485: Nobles had to swear an oath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Control of nobility: When was the second Act against Illegal Retaining passed and what did it state?

A

1504: Nobles had to obtain a special retaining license

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Control of nobility: What happened in 1506 regarding Illegal Retaining?

A

Lord Bergavenny was fined £70 000 for retaining 471 men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Control of nobility: How did the Acts against Illegal Retaining help Henry keep control?

A

Nobles had a lack of military power

Removed the possibility of revolt/uprising as private armies can no longer be built up

Difficulty to uprise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Control of nobility: Bonds and Recognisances

A

Person involved was recognised as owning a lump sum stated, not payable if the condition was observed

Affected 36/62 noble families

Captain of Calais: under bond of £40 000

Sum increased from £3000 to £75 000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Control of nobility: How did Bonds and Recognisances help Henry keep control?

A

Strong loyal bonds to the king: noble power

Financially deprived the nobles.

56
Q

Control of nobility: The Court of Star Council

A

1487: Parliament passed the Star Chambers Act

Set up the Court of Star Council

Charges can be pressed against the nobility

57
Q

Control of nobility: How did The Court of Star Council help Henry ensure control?

A

Ensures a form of punishment for nobles going against him.

58
Q

Control of nobility: Feudal Dues

A

Wardships: control of estates of minors until they come of age, Henry took all the profit

Marriage: arranged marriage of heirs and heiresses where he could benefit

59
Q

Control of nobility: How did Henry ensure control from Feudal Dues?

A

Creates stronger connections that are beneficial (or prove to be) in the future

60
Q

Control of nobility: Acts of Resumption

A

1486: Returns all the Crown lands given away since 1455

1487 & 1495: took away land and regranted it to loyal subjects

Only allowed land at Henry’s discretion

61
Q

Control of nobility: How did the Acts of Resumption ensure control?

A

Rewarded loyalty; increased the chances of prolonged loyalty as people seek rewards.

62
Q

Control of nobility: Patronage

A

Traditional ways of buying loyalty by giving away positions of power, land and titles (i.e. John De Vere, Jasper Tudor & Margaret Beaufort)

Less common under Henry VII.

63
Q

Control of nobility: How did Patronage ensure control?

A

Assured love and favour from nobles.

64
Q

Control of nobility: The Privvy Council

A

Significant rewards; closest advisors

Most have aligned with Henry before Bosworth

Many chosen for their ability rather than their status.

65
Q

Control of nobility: How did the Privvy Council ensure control?

A

Gives influence that gains Henry favour.

66
Q

Government: The Council

A

Council of advisors

227 men were recorded to attend through Henry’s reign

Consisted of: nobility, Churchmen and laymen

Permanent: no set rules

Influence can come from outside of the Council: ‘most influential advisor was Henry’s mother’

67
Q

Government: How many members did the Working Council have?

A

6-7

68
Q

Government: What was the function of The Council?

A

Advise

Administer realm

Make legal judgements

69
Q

Government: The Council Learned in Law

A

Main offshoot

Developed in the 2nd part of Henry’s reign

70
Q

Government: What was the function of The Council Learned in Law?

A

To maintain and increase Henry’s revenue.

Expression of the King’s will.

Investigated Feudal rights that were forgotten or had lapsed

71
Q

Government: Who operated Brays death in 1503?

A

Empson and Dudley.

72
Q

Government: Court and Household

A

Relied heavily on the Royal Court.

Henry worked hard to ensure that it was grand and lavish.

Reward, status and favour could be gained.

73
Q

Government: Function of the Court and Household

A

Reflects the vast wealth of the King.

Reflects concepts of personal monarchy: power was central.

74
Q

Government: Different levels of the Court and Household

A

Household proper: responsible for looking after the King and guests

Chamber: politically important, presided over by Lord Chamberlain

Privvy Chamber: King can retreat to most intimate servants (response to Stanley’s betrayal)

75
Q

Government: Parliament

A

House of Commons & House of Lords

Met occasionally (7 times throughout Henry’s reign)- wasn’t central

76
Q

Government: Function of Parliament

A

Pass laws

Grant taxation

Raised extraordinary revenue

Fractional taxes (issued in:1487, 1489-90, 1491-92 & 1497) - Effective for Henry

Respect decisions: 1504- restricted Henry’s extraordinary rev.

77
Q

Domestic Policy: Justices of the Peace

A

Used on a local level (average of 18 per county)

Appointed by the King/ Local Gentry

Met quarterly to administer justice.

Power increased: 1485- could try anything but murder

Limited the power of Sheriffs

78
Q

Domestic Policy: Bonds & Recognisances

A

Bonds: legal documents that would bind to and individual to perform an action

Recognisances: formal acknowledgement of debt or other obligation

79
Q

Domestic Policy: Finances

A

Inherited a bankrupt crown: left solvent treasury

Last years of Edwards reign: annual income went from £65 000 to £115 000 (1509)

80
Q

Domestic Policy: Organising Finances

A

The Exchequer: separate organisation employing its own officials, slow and inefficient

The Chamber: directly under of the King

Use of The Exchequer: brought down the annual income by a significant amount.

81
Q

Domestic Policy: Ordinary Revenue

A

Crown lands brought in £12 000 a year; increased to £42 000 at the end

Act of Resumption (1496): taking back of lands that had been illegally acquired.

Book of Rates (1507): increased the rate at which goods were taxed.

Warships & Relief: brought in £350 but increased to £6000

82
Q

Domestic Policy: Extraordinary Revenue

A

Usual tax: £30 000 per grant

Benevolences: forced loan in 1491, granting £4850

Henry granted taxes of £25 000 in 1489

Treaty of Etaples (1492): Gained a French pension, which granted £5000 annually

1506: Philip of Burgundy was loaned £15 800 for friendship.

83
Q

Foreign Policy: Brittany (Actions)

A

Duke of Brittany swore feudal overlordship to the King of France (died in 1488 and left Anne; daughter and ward for French King)

Anne was arranged to marry Maximillian Hapsburg

84
Q

Foreign Policy: France (Actions)

A

Calais may threaten English trade

Treaty of Redon (1489): Assisted Brittany, 6000 English troops and a pension offer.

DEC 1491: Charles married Anne, absorption of Brittany

Henry summoned Parliament to grant a subsidy for war, army of 12 000 men collected

85
Q

Foreign Policy: Spain (Actions)

A

Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489): provided international recognition and valuable security (mutual support)

Spanish did not honour the commitment

Warbeck’s saga threatened the Spanish marriage.

86
Q

Foreign Policy: Burgundy (Actions)

A

Treaty of Dordrecht (1489): Maximillian did not send troops.

1493: Philip took direct rule, ignored Henry’s letter of protest, banished Burgundian merchants, placed a Trade Embargo

87
Q

Foreign Policy: Scotland (Actions)

A

Relationship was always tense

Scotland had the Auld Alliance with France

Warbeck sought aid from the Scots.

Truce of Ayton (1497): After Warbeck’s execution, full peace was established.

Treaty of Ayton (1502)

88
Q

Foreign Policy: Ireland

A

Henry had control of the land that surrounded Dublin:’ The Pale’

Earl of Kildare could not be trusted because he had Yorkist sympathies, but later decided to support Henry as there was no benefit in supporting the Yorkist cause.

Prince Henry: appointed by Lieutenant of Ireland

89
Q

Foreign Policy: The Breton Crisis (Cause)

A

Death of Francis II (Duke of Brittany): no male heir

France was too powerful and wanted to exploit the situation- threatening

Brittany was well positioned to dominate trade.

Spain and Hapsburg attempted to intervene

90
Q

Foreign Policy: The Breton Crisis (Henry’s Actions)

A

Did not persue a more aggressive policy- didn’t want to annoy France

Approached European leaders for assistance

Raised £100 000 in Parliament

91
Q

Foreign Policy: Why was the Breton Crisis a failure?

A

English armies did not win main engagements in Brittany.

92
Q

Foreign Policy: Aims achieved? (National Security- )

A

Success:
Treaty of Ayton (1497)

Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489)

Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1502): improved relations with Scotland, on paper

Treaty of Etaples (1492): stopped support for pretenders

Failure:
Loss of Brittany & Issues with the Spanish Treaty

93
Q

Foreign Policy: Aims achieved? ( Securing the dynasty)

A

Success:
Treaty of Medina del Campo (1489): Marriage of Prince Arthur to Catherine of Aragon

Margaret’s marriage to James IV of Scotland

Failures:
Arthur died; took a long time to sort out the marriage

94
Q

Foreign Policy: Aims achieved? ( Financial gain)

A

Success:
Treaty of Etaples (1492): French pension, 5% of annual income

Money for Catherine’s dowry

Tounnage and Poundage

95
Q

Foreign Policy: Aims achieved? (Improving trade)

A

Success:
Intercursus Magnus (1496): agreed with Maximillian I to remove the trade Emvargo with Burgundy.

Intercursus Malus (1506): beneficial exploitation (not put into practice)

96
Q

Marriages: Prince Arthur

A

Suggested and Married: Catherine of Aragon

When: 1499 (Proxy Marriage), 14 NOV 1501 (Actual Marriage)

Arthur died before the marriage was ‘consumated’.

97
Q

Marriages: Prince Henry (Henry VIII)

A

Suggested and Married: Catherine of Aragon

When: 11th JUN 1509

Henry lost enthusiasm, allied with Juana against Ferdinand.

98
Q

Marriages: Princess Margaret

A

Suggested and Married: James IV of Scotland (outcome of the Treaty of Perpetual Peace)

When: 1502

Issues over dowry; embittered relations.

99
Q

Marriages: Princess Mary

A

Suggested: Charles (future Holy Roman Emperor)

Married: French King (died) & Charles Brandon

When: MAY 1504

Mary refused to marry the French King.

100
Q

Society: Order

A

King
Gentlemen (own land)

Gentry (Gentlemen who live in large houses)//Court (Move with the King)

Yeomen (farmers)//Citizens (rich merchants)

Labourers (work for Citizens or Yeomen)

Vagrants or Beggars

101
Q

Rebellions: Yorkshire Rebellion 1489 (Causes)

A

Henry wanted to aid Brittany

Raised subsidy of £100 000 through taxation (early form of income tax.)

Yorkshire were exempt as they were expected to use finances to defend borders against Scotland.

102
Q

Rebellions: Yorkshire Rebellion 1489 (Events)

A

Yorkshire appealed to Henry Percy (Earl of Northumberland)

EoN presented himself to the King but was refused, returned to Yorkshire and was murdered.

John Egremont: led riots in the local area

103
Q

Rebellions: Yorkshire Rebellion 1489 (Consequences)

A

Henry issued many pardons

Surrey was appointed Lieutenant of the ,newly formed, Council of the North

Egremont fled to Flanders instead of facing the army

104
Q

Rebellions: Cornish Rebellion 1497 (Causes)

A

Cornwall was exempt from taxation

1496: forced loan was approved by the gov. to finance a campaign against Scotland

Tin miners were angered at the scale of taxes; had little sympathy for the English wars.

105
Q

Rebellions: Cornish Rebellion 1497 (Events)

A

Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamack: incited an armed revolt

15 000 men marched into Devon

13 JUN 1497: Arrived at Guildford with an army of 8000 men and moved towards Blackheath

Battle of Deptford Bridge (17 JUN 1497)

Tax Commissioner killed

106
Q

Rebellions: Cornish Rebellion 1497 (Consequences)

A

Cornish dead range: 200 to 2000

An Gof and Flamack: sentenced to death as traitors

Prisoners sold into slavery

Estates seized

Financial penalties crippled sections of Cornwall

107
Q

Regional Divisions: Agriculture

A

Divided by the South & East, North & West of the line

108
Q

Regional Divisions: The Tees-Ex line

A

Two different areas: Two different agricultural practices

North-West: characterised by uplands, grain farming produced poor yields. Predominantly pastoral.

109
Q

Threats: Lovell and the Staffords (Cause)

A

Wanted to restore the Yorkist monarchy in the first year of Henry’s reign

110
Q

Threats: Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln (Cause)

A

Overthrow Henry and put their candidate on the throne

111
Q

Economy: Agriculture and Trade (Core info)

A

90% of the population (total pop:2.2 mil) were rural dwellers- 10% live in towns

Wool and cloth making were the main industries (1500: 100 000 woollen clothes, 3000 sacks of wool)

1489: Law was passed which forbade foreign merchants buying cloth until the English had all they wanted.

Trade is mostly internal: 90-95%

112
Q

Economy: Agriculture and Trade (Trade with France)

A

Inconsistent at the beginning

1487: France imposed trade restrictions after Henry backed Breton independence

1492: both countries agreed to reduce restrictions

1495: France ended all restrictions

113
Q

Economy: Agriculture and Trade (Relationship with the Hanseatic League)

A

Navigational Acts (1485/1489): Forbade English merchants to load their goods onto foreign ships- started with restoring Hanse’s privileges of not paying duty on goods exported

Treaty with Denmark (1489):English ships could trade and fish directly in Danish waters.

1504:restored all privileges in fear that Hanse would support the Earl of Suffolk.

114
Q

Economy: Agriculture and Trade (Italy)

A

Henry wanted to challenge Venice’s control of trade with the Middle East

1490: Wool Staple set up in Florence- started direct trade with the Levant

115
Q

Economy: Exploration, Prosperity and Depression (Early English Exploration)- Why was the 15th Century a great Era of European discovery?

A

Spanish and Portuguese explorers had opened up much of the world.

Portuguese: benefitted from their domination of the spice trade.

116
Q

Economy: Exploration, Prosperity and Depression (Early English Exploration)- Who was John Cabot and what did he do?

A

John Cabot: native of Genoa, involved in the Venetian spice trade

Aimed to find alternative places for fish merchants to exploit different fishing waters

117
Q

Economy: Exploration, Prosperity and Depression (Early English Exploration)- What happened to Cabot?

A

Presumed to be lost at sea- never returned from his second voyage.

118
Q

Economy: Prosperity and Depression of Agriculture

A

Most prosperous: 1490-99

Economic hardships: 1600-09

119
Q

Economy: Agricultural Importance- What was engrossing?

A

Originally followed an open-field system

Several farms were joined together to make one, profitable unit

120
Q

Economy: Agricultural Importance- What was the consequence of engrossing?

A

Led to families being evicted

121
Q

Economy: Agricultural Importance-What was implements regarding engrossing?

A

One profitable unit

122
Q

Economy: Agricultural Importance-What was enclosure?

A

Ended the practice of the open-field systems.

3% of lands enclosed

123
Q

Economy: Agricultural Importance- What was the consequence of enclosure?

A

Homelessness

124
Q

Economy: Agricultural Importance-What was implemented in regards to enclosure?

A

Selective breeding

125
Q

Economy: Agricultural Importance-When was the ‘Golden Harvest?’

A

1490s.

126
Q

Economy: Agricultural Importance-What law was introduced in 1489?

A

Anti-enclosure law.

127
Q

Religion: What were Henry’s religious aims?

A

-build a shrine to honour and hold Henry VI
-dedicate a more elaborate Chapel to Virgin Mary
-create a royal mausoleum for him, his family and heirs

Allocated £14 000 for the construction (1503-09)

128
Q

Religion: What were the function of the Catholic Church?

A

-Easier for elites to maintain control by encouraging good behaviour
-Provide charity through guilds and confraternities
-Provide employment opportunities
-Provide entertainment
-Act under authority of the King

129
Q

Religion: Communal

A

-Communities prayed together; more powerful
-Communal thinking; controlled individuals, lack of individuality
-Observing sacraments; built communal thinking

130
Q

Religion: What was transubstantiation?

A

Belief that the wine and bread, when concreted, transforms to the literal blood and body of Christ.

131
Q

Religion: What did benefactors do?

A

Leave money to found chantries; reduce time spent in purgatory

132
Q

Humanism: Main Humanist influences

A

Erasmus: Epitomised the spirit of new learning

John Colet (1467-1519): saw Humanist scholarly as a mean of reforming the Church

Thomas More: gave a huge boost to Humanism in the start of Henry VIII’s reign.

133
Q

Arts and Learning: Art and Architecture

A

Vast number of Churches were built in the Gothic perpendicular style; indication of investment scale

134
Q

Arts and Learning: Education

A

53 new grammar schools founded between 1460 and 1509

Teaching remained a by-product of Latin; Humanistic approach adapted in the 1480s

Song schools and reading schools provided elementary education for the very young

135
Q

Arts and Learning: Music

A

Secular songs were used for entertainment

Eton Choir book: compiled around 1505- contained 93 musical compositions

Music performed in courts or the homes of nobility

136
Q

Arts and Learning: Drama

A

Most popular art form

Plays sometimes presented in association with the Church (i.e. Festivals)

Most important: mystery plays performed at feasts of Corpus Christi

AQA AS-Tudors (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions