Henry VIII: The Church, Great Matter And Reformation Flashcards
What were the causes of the great matter?
Anne Boleyn
Catherine of Aragon
Doctrine
Thomas Cranmer
Why was Anne Boleyn a cause of the Great Matter?
Henry’s love for Anne Boleyn and his belief that she would be the one to bear him a son
In 1533 Anne was pregnant which renewed his motivation later on
Why was Catherine of Aragon a cause of the Great matter?
Catherine has only bore Henry one child his daughter Mary and had suffered many miscarriages and she was getting older so her chances of having a son was declining
Why was Henry so set on having a son?
He wanted the line of succession to be secure and clear so that another War of the Roses would happen
How did doctrine cause the Great Matter?
Henry said his marriage to Catherine was sinful as she had been married to his brother first but the previous Pope had issued a dispensation as Catherine claimed her marriage with Arthur had never been consummated
How was Thomas Cramner a cause of the Great Matter?
Later cause
Renewed Henry’s motivations by offering him a new solution to get his divorce
Why did Henry fail to achieve the annulment?
Cardinal Campeggio Catherine of Aragon Thomas Wolsey Charles V Weakness of the case
Why is Cardinal Campeggio one of the reasons that Henry failed to achieve an annulment?
He was the Papal legate that was sent to hear Henry’s case but as the Pope did not know what to do as he did not want to upset Charles V. So Campeggio took nearly a year to travel to England.
Why is Catherine of Aragon one of the reasons that Henry failed to achieve an annulment?
She refused to go away and take religious vows that would immediately dissolve her marriage to Henry
She defended herself at the Blackfriars court arguing that she was only ever faithful to Henry
Why is Thomas Wolsey one of the reasons that Henry failed to achieve an annulment?
As papal legate he could only take Henry’s case so far as he could not go against the Pope or he would lose his position
Why is Charles V one of the reasons that Henry failed to achieve an annulment?
He obtained control of the Papal States which put pressure on the Pope to say no as Catherine was Charles aunt
Why is the weakness of Henry’s case one of the reasons that Henry failed to achieve an annulment?
His case was based purely on Leviticus but the previous Pope has overrode this for Henry to marry Catherine
Also Deuteronomy undermines Leviticus
What was the Ten Articles?
Only 3 sacraments
Popish purgatory rejected
Catholic services retained
What were Cromwell’s Injuctions?
Fill in gaps left by the 10 Articles
Clergy to teach Ten Articles
Attacks saints days, Holy days and pilgrimage
What is the Bishops Book?
Written by Protestant Bishops
Henry makes 250 changes but still doesn’t approve
Transubstantiation upheld
What was the Royal Proclamation I’d 1538
Official statement by the king
Stressed ‘via media’ middle way
Criticised Protestants for wanting more change
What were the Injunctions of 1538?
Cromwell pushing for Protestant changes
What was the Royal Proclamation of 1539?
Attacks Pilgrimages
Attacks superstition
What is the Act of Six Articles?
Rejects papal authority Brings back 7 sacraments Clerical celibacy Transubstantiation Known as the whip with six strings
What changes were made to the church in the 1540’s?
Cromwell removed
Step towards conservation
Royal proclamation of 1541
Why did people oppose the Reformation?
Fundamental religious opposition
Opposition to royal supremacy opposition to the dissolution of the monasteries
Defence of traditional practices
Purgatory under threat
Fear of new taxes
Opposition to the divorce and Anne Boleyn
How did people oppose the Reformation through open challenge?
Some openly criticised the king from within England or abroad
What is an example of someone openly challenging the Reformation?
Pilgrimage of Grace
Thomas More
How did people oppose the Reformation through Private Opposition?
Some prayed secretly for the pope as the supreme head of the Church
